Chapter 1 & 2 Test Flashcards
1
Q
Smallest unit of an element that retains the properties of that element
A
Atom
2
Q
Group of atoms joined together; two or more atoms combined
A
Molecule
3
Q
Structural and functional unit of life; does all the work of the organism; building blocks of an organism
A
Cell
4
Q
All living organisms in a specific area
A
Community
5
Q
Group of organisms of the same species
A
Population
6
Q
Producers of their own food
A
Autotrophs
7
Q
Larvae eating moldy chicken would be ______ or ______
A
Heterotrophs; consumers
8
Q
Maintenance of s constant internal environment
A
Homeostasis
9
Q
Change of the genetic composition of s species over time
A
Evolution
10
Q
Tentative statement of an educated guess
A
Hypothesis
11
Q
The variable that is measured or changed
A
Dependent
12
Q
The variable that is controlled
A
Independent
13
Q
Complex properties that arise from the interaction between different types of organisms
A
Emergent properties
14
Q
Kingdom that has all the “leftovers”
A
Protista
15
Q
A classroom would be considered a ______
A
Population
16
Q
Everything in a room would be considered an _______
A
Ecosystem
17
Q
______ make up most of the kingdom “Animalia”
A
Insects
18
Q
Term given to something that has overwhelming evidence to support it
A
Theory
19
Q
Scientific Method
A
Observation Hypothesis Experimentation Analysis Publication
20
Q
Collection of cells
A
Tissue
21
Q
Collection of tissues that act in a similar way
A
Organs
22
Q
Collection of organs working together
A
Organ system
23
Q
Bunch of organ systems working together
A
Organism
24
Q
Living and no living parts in a given area
A
Ecosystem
25
Areas on earth where life can exist
Biosphere
26
Interacting components that crest new, complex functions
Emergent properties
27
Characteristics of Life
```
Organization
Requires energy
Homeostasis
Response to stimuli
Reproduction and development
Adaptation
```
28
The ability to do work
Energy
29
Gets food from a different source
Consumers or heterotrophs
30
A change in an organism that gives it a better chance to reproduce and survive
Adaptation
31
The sum of all chemical reactions in a cell
Metabolism
32
Build molecules
Anabolism
33
Breaks down molecules
Catabolism
34
Diversity and unity of life, common descent with modification
Theory of Evolution
35
Major driving force behind evolution, enhanced reproductive success of certain individuals due to inherited characteristics
Natural selection
36
Change in the DNA sequence; fuel natural selection
Mutation
37
Classification and naming of organisms
Taxonomy
38
Came up with the most adopted system of classification (by species)
Carollus Linnaeus
39
Newer classification system (by DNA)
Systematics
40
Category of classification
Tacoma
41
Domain
Archaea- old bacteria
Bacteria- new bacteria
Eukarya- everything else (humans, mold, etc)
42
Archaea and bacteria used to be in a kingdom called _______
Monera
43
Kingdom
Protista- leftovers
Fungi- mushroom, mold, mildew...
Plantae- plants, sponges
Animalia- animals, humans, insects
44
Two name naming system
Binomial nomenclature
45
How do you name an organism?
Consists of genus name capitalized followed by species name lower cased with both names either underlined or italicized
46
Hypothesis that has a lot of evidence to support it
Theory
47
A theory that has so much evidence that we assume it is true (principle)
Law
48
Variable that you are changing in the experiment
Independent variable (experimental)
49
Variable that you are measuring in the experiment
Dependent variable (responding)
50
Variables that you are trying to keep constant throughout the whole experiment
Standardized variable
51
_____ groups would get independent variable and _____ groups would get dependent variable
Test; control
52
Series of questions that give you two options (one or the other) until you get an end result
Dichotomous Key
53
Group A- 0 sick
Group B- 5 sick
Group C- 19 sick
Independent =
Dependent =
Standardized =
Control =
Amount of vaccine
Dogs getting sick or not
Amount of food, light, water, cage size, number of shots, place of shot, timing of shot
C Group
54
Form of matter that cannot be broken down further by ordinary chemical means
Element
55
Smallest piece of an element that retains the same properties of that element; made up of subatomic particles
Atom
56
Anything that takes up space
Matter
57
The amount of matter that is present
Mass
58
Involves gravity
Weight
59
Lives in nucleus; +1; AMU = 1
Proton
60
Lives in nucleus; 0; AMU = 1
Neutron
61
Orbits outside the nucleus in electron shell; -1; AMU = 0
Electron
62
Atomic mass (mass number)
Number of protons + number of neutrons
63
Atomic number
Number of protons
64
Atoms with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons
Isotopes
65
Credited for coming up with the periodic table (91 naturally occurring, 25 essential to life, 6 make up 98% of life)
Dmitri Mendeleev
66
Elements that you need more of
Bulk elements
67
Elements that you need less of
Trace elements
68
Charged atom
Ion
69
Most likely place to find electrons
Orbitals
70
First orbital can only hold ___ electrons, whereas every other orbital can hold 8
2
71
Determines chemical properties of an atom
Valence shell
72
Outermost electrons inside the shell
Valence electrons
73
Except for the first shell, every shell (orbital) will be filled with 8 electrons
Octet Rule
74
Two joined atoms (can be same or different)
Molecule
75
Molecule that has two or more different elements
Compound
76
______ is any two elements combined, whereas in a ______, the elements have to be different
Molecule
77
Tells you the number of each atom in a compound
Chemical formula
78
Shows how atoms are arranged and the number of them in a compound
Structural formula
79
Have the same chemical formula but different structural formula
Isomer
80
Bond formed by the attraction of opposite charges (electrons are transferred)
Ionic bond
81
Giving the electron
Electron donor
82
Gaining an electron
Electron acceptor
83
Bond formed when atoms share electrons in their outer shell (stronger than ionic bonds)
Covalent bond
84
Electrons are shared equally between atoms
Nonpolar covalent
85
Electrons are shared unequally between atoms
Polar covalent
86
Reason why life exists on earth
Water
87
Weakest; bonds between the partial charges in molecules
Hydrogen bond
88
Resists temperature changes
High heat capacity
89
Part of a mixture that dissolves something
Solvent
90
Mixture of at least two substances
Solution
91
Dissolved part of a substance
Solute
92
Dissolvable in water (water loving); polar
Hydrophilic
93
Not dissolvable in water (water fearing)
Hydrophobic
94
Sticking to something else; capillary action
Adhesion
95
Ability of molecules to stick to each other; surface tension
Cohesion
96
Ability of water to rise up with no assistance, against gravity
Capillary action
97
Measures alkalinity or acidity of a solution
| Scale from 0-14
pH scale
98
Less than 7 = ______
Acid
99
More than 7 = _____
Base
100
pH of 7 = 1 x 10^-7
10 fold change for every whole number
101
This substance has a pH of 7.35-7.45
Regulated by respiratory and urinary systems
Human blood
102
Chemicals that keep pH within a normal limit by taking up excess hydrogen ions or hydroxide ions
Buffers
