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College Biology > Chapter 1 & 2 Test > Flashcards

Chapter 1 & 2 Test Flashcards

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1
Q

Smallest unit of an element that retains the properties of that element

A

Atom

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2
Q

Group of atoms joined together; two or more atoms combined

A

Molecule

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3
Q

Structural and functional unit of life; does all the work of the organism; building blocks of an organism

A

Cell

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4
Q

All living organisms in a specific area

A

Community

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5
Q

Group of organisms of the same species

A

Population

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6
Q

Producers of their own food

A

Autotrophs

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7
Q

Larvae eating moldy chicken would be ______ or ______

A

Heterotrophs; consumers

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8
Q

Maintenance of s constant internal environment

A

Homeostasis

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9
Q

Change of the genetic composition of s species over time

A

Evolution

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10
Q

Tentative statement of an educated guess

A

Hypothesis

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11
Q

The variable that is measured or changed

A

Dependent

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12
Q

The variable that is controlled

A

Independent

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13
Q

Complex properties that arise from the interaction between different types of organisms

A

Emergent properties

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14
Q

Kingdom that has all the “leftovers”

A

Protista

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15
Q

A classroom would be considered a ______

A

Population

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16
Q

Everything in a room would be considered an _______

A

Ecosystem

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17
Q

______ make up most of the kingdom “Animalia”

A

Insects

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18
Q

Term given to something that has overwhelming evidence to support it

A

Theory

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19
Q

Scientific Method

A 
Observation
Hypothesis
Experimentation
Analysis
Publication
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20
Q

Collection of cells

A

Tissue

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21
Q

Collection of tissues that act in a similar way

A

Organs

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22
Q

Collection of organs working together

A

Organ system

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23
Q

Bunch of organ systems working together

A

Organism

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24
Q

Living and no living parts in a given area

A

Ecosystem

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25
Q

Areas on earth where life can exist

A

Biosphere

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26
Q

Interacting components that crest new, complex functions

A

Emergent properties

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27
Q

Characteristics of Life

A 
Organization
Requires energy
Homeostasis
Response to stimuli
Reproduction and development
Adaptation
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28
Q

The ability to do work

A

Energy

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29
Q

Gets food from a different source

A

Consumers or heterotrophs

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30
Q

A change in an organism that gives it a better chance to reproduce and survive

A

Adaptation

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31
Q

The sum of all chemical reactions in a cell

A

Metabolism

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32
Q

Build molecules

A

Anabolism

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33
Q

Breaks down molecules

A

Catabolism

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34
Q

Diversity and unity of life, common descent with modification

A

Theory of Evolution

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35
Q

Major driving force behind evolution, enhanced reproductive success of certain individuals due to inherited characteristics

A

Natural selection

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36
Q

Change in the DNA sequence; fuel natural selection

A

Mutation

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37
Q

Classification and naming of organisms

A

Taxonomy

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38
Q

Came up with the most adopted system of classification (by species)

A

Carollus Linnaeus

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39
Q

Newer classification system (by DNA)

A

Systematics

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40
Q

Category of classification

A

Tacoma

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41
Q

Domain

A

Archaea- old bacteria
Bacteria- new bacteria
Eukarya- everything else (humans, mold, etc)

42
Q

Archaea and bacteria used to be in a kingdom called _______

A

Monera

43
Q

Kingdom

A

Protista- leftovers
Fungi- mushroom, mold, mildew…
Plantae- plants, sponges
Animalia- animals, humans, insects

44
Q

Two name naming system

A

Binomial nomenclature

45
Q

How do you name an organism?

A

Consists of genus name capitalized followed by species name lower cased with both names either underlined or italicized

46
Q

Hypothesis that has a lot of evidence to support it

A

Theory

47
Q

A theory that has so much evidence that we assume it is true (principle)

A

Law

48
Q

Variable that you are changing in the experiment

A

Independent variable (experimental)

49
Q

Variable that you are measuring in the experiment

A

Dependent variable (responding)

50
Q

Variables that you are trying to keep constant throughout the whole experiment

A

Standardized variable

51
Q

_____ groups would get independent variable and _____ groups would get dependent variable

A

Test; control

52
Q

Series of questions that give you two options (one or the other) until you get an end result

A

Dichotomous Key

53
Q

Group A- 0 sick
Group B- 5 sick
Group C- 19 sick

Independent =
Dependent =
Standardized =
Control =

A

Amount of vaccine
Dogs getting sick or not
Amount of food, light, water, cage size, number of shots, place of shot, timing of shot
C Group

54
Q

Form of matter that cannot be broken down further by ordinary chemical means

A

Element

55
Q

Smallest piece of an element that retains the same properties of that element; made up of subatomic particles

A

Atom

56
Q

Anything that takes up space

A

Matter

57
Q

The amount of matter that is present

A

Mass

58
Q

Involves gravity

A

Weight

59
Q

Lives in nucleus; +1; AMU = 1

A

Proton

60
Q

Lives in nucleus; 0; AMU = 1

A

Neutron

61
Q

Orbits outside the nucleus in electron shell; -1; AMU = 0

A

Electron

62
Q

Atomic mass (mass number)

A

Number of protons + number of neutrons

63
Q

Atomic number

A

Number of protons

64
Q

Atoms with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

A

Isotopes

65
Q

Credited for coming up with the periodic table (91 naturally occurring, 25 essential to life, 6 make up 98% of life)

A

Dmitri Mendeleev

66
Q

Elements that you need more of

A

Bulk elements

67
Q

Elements that you need less of

A

Trace elements

68
Q

Charged atom

A

Ion

69
Q

Most likely place to find electrons

A

Orbitals

70
Q

First orbital can only hold ___ electrons, whereas every other orbital can hold 8

A

2

71
Q

Determines chemical properties of an atom

A

Valence shell

72
Q

Outermost electrons inside the shell

A

Valence electrons

73
Q

Except for the first shell, every shell (orbital) will be filled with 8 electrons

A

Octet Rule

74
Q

Two joined atoms (can be same or different)

A

Molecule

75
Q

Molecule that has two or more different elements

A

Compound

76
Q

______ is any two elements combined, whereas in a ______, the elements have to be different

A

Molecule

77
Q

Tells you the number of each atom in a compound

A

Chemical formula

78
Q

Shows how atoms are arranged and the number of them in a compound

A

Structural formula

79
Q

Have the same chemical formula but different structural formula

A

Isomer

80
Q

Bond formed by the attraction of opposite charges (electrons are transferred)

A

Ionic bond

81
Q

Giving the electron

A

Electron donor

82
Q

Gaining an electron

A

Electron acceptor

83
Q

Bond formed when atoms share electrons in their outer shell (stronger than ionic bonds)

A

Covalent bond

84
Q

Electrons are shared equally between atoms

A

Nonpolar covalent

85
Q

Electrons are shared unequally between atoms

A

Polar covalent

86
Q

Reason why life exists on earth

A

Water

87
Q

Weakest; bonds between the partial charges in molecules

A

Hydrogen bond

88
Q

Resists temperature changes

A

High heat capacity

89
Q

Part of a mixture that dissolves something

A

Solvent

90
Q

Mixture of at least two substances

A

Solution

91
Q

Dissolved part of a substance

A

Solute

92
Q

Dissolvable in water (water loving); polar

A

Hydrophilic

93
Q

Not dissolvable in water (water fearing)

A

Hydrophobic

94
Q

Sticking to something else; capillary action

A

Adhesion

95
Q

Ability of molecules to stick to each other; surface tension

A

Cohesion

96
Q

Ability of water to rise up with no assistance, against gravity

A

Capillary action

97
Q

Measures alkalinity or acidity of a solution

Scale from 0-14

A

pH scale

98
Q

Less than 7 = ______

A

Acid

99
Q

More than 7 = _____

A

Base

100
Q

pH of 7 = 1 x 10^-7

A

10 fold change for every whole number

101
Q

This substance has a pH of 7.35-7.45

Regulated by respiratory and urinary systems

A

Human blood

102
Q

Chemicals that keep pH within a normal limit by taking up excess hydrogen ions or hydroxide ions

A

Buffers

College Biology (16 decks)

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