Final Urinary/water intake/output

Question 1

Nephron

Answer 1

urine making unit of the kidney

Question 2

Glomerulus

Answer 2

acts as strainer, lets water, sodium, chloride pass through to Bowmman’s Capsule, while RBCs and proteins stay in capillary

Question 3

Glomerulus->

Answer 3

bowmans capsule->proximal convoluted tubule->descending/ascending loop of henle-> distal convoluted tubule->collecting duct->

Question 4

Flow of fluid out efferent arteriole

Answer 4

efferent arteriole-> peritubular capillaries-> venules-> renal vein-> heart

Question 5

Water balance- input has to equal

Answer 5

output; 2500 ml/day

Question 6

Fluid intake from

Answer 6

60% fluid/drink, 30% food, 10% water from metabolism (breakdown of glucose=water&glucose)

Question 7

Fluid excreted by

Answer 7

kidneys/urine (primary regulator adh [in] aldosterone [out], skin/lungs 28%, feces/sweat 12%

Question 8

when water is low, ____ is secreted

Answer 8

ADH to conserve water by reabsorbing water from collecting duct

Question 9

Sodium

Answer 9

chief extracellular cation 90% of cations in extracellular fluid

Question 10

Hyper/hypo natremic

Answer 10

too much/little sodium in the blood-controlled by aldosterone secreted by adrenal cortex

Question 11

Hypernatremic

Answer 11

lose water, not sodium high concentration of Na; diuretics- lose water through urine; diabetes- lose glucose in urine that takes water with it

Question 12

Hyponatremic

Answer 12

^water intake vNa concentration

Question 13

Potassium

Answer 13

chief intracellular cation; regulated by aldosterone- stimulates distal tubule of kidney to excrete potassium into urine

Question 14

Hyperkalemic

Answer 14

malfunctioning kidneys unable to excrete K; excess Potassium in the blood

Question 15

Hypokalemic

Answer 15

Prolonged use of Diuretics=loss of potassium; caused by vomiting/diarrhea

Question 16

Calcium

Answer 16

regulated by vCalcitonin and parathyroid hormone^

Question 17

Chloride

Answer 17

chief extracellular anion

Question 18

Bicarbonate HCO3-

Answer 18

alkaline anion that removes excess acidity from the body; excreted by kidneys as the body needs it

Question 19

pH of blood

Answer 19

acidosis 7.35-7.45 alkalosis

Question 20

Metabolic caused alkalosis

Answer 20

vomiting of acid stomach contents -respiratory compensation of metabolic alkalosis-breathing slows = H+^

Question 21

Respiratory caused alkalosis=

Answer 21

renal compensation of respiratory alkalosis-donate H+

Question 22

Metabolic caused Acidosis

Answer 22

diarrhea=loss of alkaline bicarbonate/vomitting/->respiratory compensation of metabolic acidosis

Question 23

Respiratory caused Acidosis

Answer 23

hypoventilation; emphysema, chest injury where it hurts to breathe; buffers accept H+; renal compensation of respiratory acidosis- excrete H+

Question 24

Mechanisms to regulate acid/base balance

Answer 24

1) Buffers (accept/donate)
2) Respirations
3) Kidneys (excrete/absorb H+/HCO3-)