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2AP > Final Endocrine > Flashcards

Final Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

Pituitary Gland (Hypophysis) located in

A

Depression of Sphenoid bone under hypothalamus

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2
Q

Secretions of Anterior pituitary gland (Adenohypophyis) controlled by

A

Hypothalamus sending releasing or release inhibiting hormones through Hypothalamic Hypophyseal Portal System (network of capillaries)

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3
Q

Anterior pituitary hormones

A

Growth (GH) , Prolactin (PRL), Tropic (4)

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4
Q

Anterior pituitary Tropic Hormones

A

control other glands:

ACTH, TSH, FSH, LH

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5
Q

GH can cause

A

Gigantism, acromegaly, pituitary dwarfism (too little)

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6
Q

PRL

A

Promotes milk production

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7
Q

TSH

A

Stimulates thyroid to secrete T3 T4

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8
Q

ACTH

A

Adrenocorticotropic; stimulates adrenal cortex to secrete steroids

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9
Q

Gonadotropin FSH

A

Follicle Stimulating Hormone; stimulates development of Ova and sperm

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10
Q

Gonadotropin LH

A

Lutenizing; Causes ovulation; Testosterone & Estrogen

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11
Q

Extension of Hypothalamus

A

Posterior Pituitary (neurohypophysis)

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12
Q

Posterior Pituitary hormones

A

ADH and Oxytocin

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13
Q

ADH

A

Antidiuretic hormone; released to conserve water; causes vasoconstriction (vasopressin); deficiency-diabetes insipidus

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14
Q

Oxytocin

A

Milk let down reflex; stimulates uterus to contract

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15
Q

Thyroid Gland is composed of secretory units called

A

Follicles

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16
Q

Thyroid Follicular cells secrete

A

T3 T4

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17
Q

Hypothyroidism

A

Myxedema; slow metabolism, heart rate, thick puffy skin

18
Q

Infant born with no thyroid gland=

A

fails to develop physically/mentally, short and stocky, abnormal skeletal development, and severe mental retardation Cretinism

19
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A

Graves’ disease;^heart rate, ^peristalsis resulting in diarrhea, ^body temp, hyperactivity, weight loss, exophthalmia

20
Q

^Iodine, v Iodine

A

Hyperthyroidism , Hypothyroidism (Goiter)

21
Q

Parafollicular cells

A

Located between follicles; secrete calcitonin; v calcium; osteoblastic

22
Q

Thyroid Gland Hormones

A

TH and PTH

23
Q

TH

A

T3 T4 secreted by the thyroid gland; control metabolic rate and regulate growth and development

24
Q

PTH

A

osteoclastic; ^ blood calcium; ^ absorption of calcium from gut; ^ absorption from urine (phosphaturic effect)

25
Q

Hypocalcemia

A

Carpal spasm / Tetany / layrngospasm=asphyxiation

26
Q

Hypercalcemia

A

Hypercalciuria; ^PTH=^Calcium in blood- kidney stones

27
Q

Adrenal Glands are near ____

A

Kidneys

28
Q

Inner Region of Adrenal gland

A

Adrenal Medulla

29
Q

Adrenal Medulla

A

extension of sympathetic nervous system secrete norepinephrine and epinephrine

30
Q

Outer Region of Adrenal gland

A

Adrenal Cortex

31
Q

Adrenal Cortex Secretes 3 steroids:

A

Glucocorticoids, mineralcorticoids, sex hormones

32
Q

Glucocorticoids

A

chief glucocorticoud cortisol-> ^ blood glucose and regulates ACTH

33
Q

Mineralcorticoids

A

Aldosterone-> regulates blood pressure/volume

34
Q

Sex hormones

A

T & E

35
Q

Addison’s disease

A

Hyposecretion of cortisol (steroid); generalized weakness

36
Q

Cushing’s disease

A

Hypersecretion of cortisol (steroid)

37
Q

Pancreas Hormones

A

Insulin and Glucagon

38
Q

Islets of Langerhans

A

secretes Insulin Beta cells and Glucagon Alpha cells; pancreas

39
Q

Insulin and Glucagon effects

A

Insulin- v blood glucose (lack of=diabetes mellitus)

Glucagon- ^blood glucose

40
Q

Diabetes mellitus

A

Hyperglycemia->Glucosuria->Polydipsia(glucosuria=loss of water=thirst)->Polyphagia(cells unable to use glucose for energy=hunger)->Acidosis(can’t burn glucose so burn fatty acids instead)

41
Q

Pineal Gland

A

Biological Clock; biorhythms; secretes melatonin;

42
Q

Thyroid gland secretes ___ &____ and _____

A

t3&t4 and calcitonin

2AP (25 decks)

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