24 Urinary System

Question 1

Study of urinary stystem

Answer 1

urology/nephrology

Question 2

Kidneys (excretory organ) “renal”

Answer 2

balance H2O, electrolytes, sodium, located in high in abdominal cavity, anchored to posterior abdominal wall, protected partially by ribs, and layer of fat

Question 3

Indentation where ureter and blood vessels join kidney

Answer 3

Hilus

Question 4

Collects urine and channels it down into ureter

Answer 4

Pelvis

Question 5

20%-25% of blood is sent to kidneys for

Answer 5

Filtration, through renal artery and renal vein

Question 6

Sympathetic nerves enter kidney and control

Answer 6

blood flow; vasoconstrict= decrease in urine formation

Question 7

Urin flows downward by

Answer 7

peristalsis/gravity

Question 8

Kidney stones blocking ureter=

Answer 8

urine backflow=swelled up kidneys=damage

Question 9

Bladder

Answer 9

1 L; base of abdominopelvic cavity; has pleats-rugae;smooth muscle-detrusor muscle squeezes urine out urethra

Question 10

Area of bladder prone to infection

Answer 10

Trigone

Question 11

Release of urine

Answer 11

stretch receptors->spinal chord-> impulse-> detrusor muscle contracts -> relaxes internal spincter-> voluntary control over external sphincter

Question 12

Urinary retention/urinary incontinence

Answer 12

Inability to void or to empty the bladder

Question 13

Urethra

Answer 13

Expels urine, males-reproductive/urinary; females-urinary only

Question 14

Flow of fluid out of glomerulus

Answer 14

Blood pressure forces fluid out of glomerulus into capsule->tubule after collecting duct-> renal pelvis

Question 15

Flow of fluid out efferent arteriole

Answer 15

efferent arteriole-> peritubular capillaries-> venules-> renal vein-> heart

Question 16

Formation of fluid (45 gal/day)

Answer 16

1) Glomerular filtration
2) Tubular reabsorption
3) Tubular secretion

Question 17

Formation of fluid- Glomerular Filtration

Answer 17

when blood pressure forces fluid out of glomerulus walls of capillary into bowman’s capsule

Question 18

Glomerulus

Answer 18

acts as strainer, lets water, sodium, chloride pass through, while RBCs and proteins stay in capillary

Question 19

Formation of Fluid- Tubular Reabsorption

Answer 19

peritubular capillaries reabsorb H2O, Na, Cl->blood through diffusion(^-v concentration) and active transport(atp)

Question 20

Formation of Fluid- Tubular Secretion

Answer 20

add waste to fluid thats going to be eliminated

Question 21

Aldosterone

Answer 21

secreted by adrenal cortex, causes sodium to be released from distal convoluted tubule=^blood pressure and volume (corrects v bp/vol)

Question 22

Release of Aldosterone

Answer 22

Renin activates angiotensinogen to form angiotensin 1, angiotensin converting enzyme changes angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2 which stimulates the adrenal cortex to release aldosterone

Question 23

AntiDiuretic Hormone

Answer 23

reabosorb H2O from collecting duct=^Bp/V

Question 24

No ADH

Answer 24

in diabetes insipidus (pee a lot); polyuria(pee^), polydipsia (^thirst)

Question 25

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide

Answer 25

decrease in aldosterone, no absorption of sodium or water; corrects ^bp/V

Question 26

urine excreted

Answer 26

1-1.5 quarts/day

Question 27

Specific gravity

Answer 27

solute/solution; used to measure concentration of urine; can be concentrated 4x

Question 28

Proteins getting out of glomerulus

Answer 28

edema(tissues) ascities (abdomen); v proteins= v oncotic pressure= water left out in tissues/abdomen

Question 29

Nephrotic sydrome

Answer 29

enlargement of pores of glomelular capilaries=proteins leaking of glomerulus

Question 30

Kidney (renal) failure

Answer 30

kidneys unable to remove toxins from blood (uremia)

Question 31

Uremia treated by

Answer 31

dialysis that removes impurities in blood; caused by nephrotoxins, antifreeze, e coli