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2AP > 23 Digestive > Flashcards

23 Digestive Flashcards

1
Q

Study of the digestive system

A

Gastroenterology

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2
Q

Digestive tract,

A

alimentary canal; GI tract, gut

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3
Q

Accessory organs

A

aid in digestion, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

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4
Q

Digestion

A

breaking of large particles of food to smaller ones; mechanical & chemical

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5
Q

Mechanical digestion

A

chewing, churning of stomach

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6
Q

Chemical digestion

A

digestive enzymes- break chemical bonds; alter chemical structure (HCl)

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7
Q

Absorption

A

blood, lymph(fats)

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8
Q

4 layers

A

mucosa, submucosa(connective tissue), muscle layer, serosa

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9
Q

Muscle layer

A

churns/mixes food/ propels down; innervated by autonomic parasymp=vagus nerve 10;
circular layer and longitudinal layer=peristalsis

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10
Q

Serosa layer

A

serous membrane-serous fluid-lubricates; omentum- extension of serosa-“apron” prevents infection from spreading to blood vessels and nerves

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11
Q

Polysaccharide

A

starch, broken down by amylase to disaccharide

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12
Q

Disaccharides

A

broken down by disaccharidase to monosaccharides; maltose (g+glucose), lactose (g+galactose), sucrose (g+fructose)

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13
Q

Monosaccharides

A

glucose, fructose, galactose

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14
Q

Proteins

A

broken down by protease to peptides or amino acids

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15
Q

Peptides

A

broken down by peptidase to amino acids

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16
Q

Lipids

A

broken down by lipase to glycerol and fatty acids, ADEK vitamins

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17
Q

Bile

A

mechanically breaks down fat by emulsification (chemical)

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18
Q

Oral cavity

A

Buccal cavity(between cheek and gum); process of chewing-mastication; stomatitis- mouth inflammation

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19
Q

Teeth

A

4 sets of teeth that match top and bottom(incisors, cuspid/canine, (pre)molars); veins, arteries, nerve that innervate the teeth-pulp

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20
Q

Tongue

A

Facilitates mastication/deglutination

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21
Q

Frenulum

A

anchors tongue to bottom of mouth

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22
Q

Salivary ducts

A

Sublingual, parotid, submandibular

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23
Q

Saliva

A

softens and moistens food (amylase)

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24
Q

Pharynx

A

naso and oro separated by hard and soft palate and uvula; cleft palate occurs when palates dont close in fetal development

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25
Q

Esophagus

A

passes through diaphragm to stomach- gastroesophageal sphincter prevent acid reflux GERD

26
Q

Top outer curve of stomach

A

fundus

27
Q

Bottom outward curve of stomach

A

great curvature

28
Q

Top inward curve of stomach

A

lesser curvature

29
Q

Small top outward curve

A

Pylorus

30
Q

Region close to pyloric sphincter

A

Pyloric region

31
Q

Connects pylorus to duodenum

A

Pyloric sphincter

32
Q

Allows stomach to expand/contract

A

pleats called rugae

33
Q

Layer of stomach that churns fewd

A

3rd layer- oblique muscles

34
Q

Chyme

A

mixture of food, gastric juices, saliva in stomach; ejected through pyloric sphincter

35
Q

Secretory cells in stomach

A

-mucous (thin)
-chief pepsin=protease
-parietal-HCl=break protein down to digest/absorb
make up gastric juice^^
-mucous(thick) protect stomach from HCl-ulcers

36
Q

Hiatal hernia

A

If opening in diaphragm the espophagus enters thru is weakened/enlarged, stomach protrudes/ herniates from abdominal -> thoracic cavity

37
Q

Nasogastric tube

A

empties stomach to prevent vomiting; abdominal wall->stomach food tube- gastrostomy

38
Q

Gastric Resection (gastrectomy)

A

cant regulate rate the chyme is delivered to the duodenum. chyme is dumped into duodenum, since there is no stomach= dumping syndrome

39
Q

Pyloric stenosis

A

during infancy, the pylorus is too narrow, food cant move out of stomach;characterized by projectile vomiting immediately after feeding

40
Q

Duodenum

A

10” where most of digestion/absorption takes place

41
Q

Villi/ microvilli

A

increase surface area for nutrient absorption; blood capillary and lacteal for lymph

42
Q

Carbohydrates and protein end products ->

A

nutrients absorbed thru duodenal wall->vein of villi->portal vein->liver for processing

43
Q

End products for fat digestion

A

absorbed by lacteal in villi->white lymph->chyle->lymphatic system

44
Q

Small intestine secretes

A

lipase, protease, amylase, disaccharidoses

45
Q

other 2 sections of small intestine

A

jejunum-> ileum (ileocecal valve) -> cecum (large instestine)

46
Q

Large intestine

A

Ileocecal valve-> anus;ascending (hepatic flexure) transverse (splenic flexure) descending , sigmoid colon; absorbs water; contains e coli; 30% of feces is bacteria

47
Q

Twisted intestine

A

Volvulus

48
Q

Colostomy

A

incision to colon/re-routing colon to surface of abdomen

49
Q

Veins that drain anal region become stretched and distorted

A

varicosities

50
Q

Liver (hepatic) accessory organ

A

Largest organ; partially protected by ribs; produces bile; hepatic portal circulation-process nutrients

51
Q

Hepatic portal curculation

A

blood collected from hepatic artery and portal vein taken through central vein; bile produced by liver cells->bile ducts-> stored in gall bladder

52
Q

Bile salts and pigments

A

bile salts- emulsify fats; pigments formed from breakdown of hemoglobin that couldnt be reused

53
Q

Gallstone=

A

blocks bile from getting to duodenum= grey/clay colored stools; jaundice= backup of bile pigments in blood stream

54
Q

Where the pancreatic duct and the common bile duct meet

A

Ampulla of Vater

55
Q

Gallbladder

A

stores bile that liver produces

56
Q

CCK

A

Cholecystokinin causes the release of bile from the cystic duct->common bile duct-> duodenum

57
Q

Stones in gallbladder

A

Cholecystitis

58
Q

Pancreas

A

(exocrine) ->pancreatic duct->pancreatic juice-has enzymes and alkaline secretions

59
Q

Digestive enzymes are secreted by

A

Acinar cells in pancreas

60
Q

carbs
proteins
fat

A

carbs-amylase
proteins-proteases- trypsin and chymotrypsin
fat-lipase
secreted inactive form; activated in duodenum, work best in alkaline ph

61
Q

Response to acidic chyme

A

secretin released from duodenal walls -> Alkaline secretions to neutralize

62
Q

Chyme results in a

A

secretion of cholecystokinin from duodenal walls to break down fat/protein

2AP (25 decks)

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