Final Immunology Flashcards
Nonspecific 1st line
mechanical- skin, mucous membrane
chemical-tears(lysozyme), HCl, mucous
reflexes- sneeze, cough, vomiting, diarrhea
Nonspecific 2nd line
1Phagocytosis; blood- neutrophils, monocytes; tissues- macrophages
2Inflammation- red, hot, swelling, pain bc of ^blood flow =pus
3Fever- ^body temperature to kill bacteria (pyrexia)
pyrogens released from neutrophils>hypothalamus>fever
4Protective proteins- Interferon-virus(halts reproduction); complement-bacteria(attaches to &kills bacteria)
5Natural killer cells- lymphocytes produce chemicals to kill foreign materials
Specific 3rd line
Tcells- thymus; cell mediated immunity(army)
Bcells-bone marrow; antibody mediated immunity(air force)
If phagocytosis fails, antigen pushed out of macrophage and stimulates a _______ response
specific
Once activated, T-cell produce clones of cells thats targets to antigen (4)
killer Tcell Helper Tcell(produce chemicals to turn on T&B cell) Suppressor cell (turn off system when job done[B too]) Memory Tcell (remembers antigen=faster response)
Once activated, B Cell clones
Plasma cells- produce antibodies
Memory B cells- remember antigen for faster response
Types of immunity
Genetic and acquired
Types of acquired immunity
naturally acquired, artificially acquired(medical treatment)
Types of naturally acquired immunity
active(Self) and passive(mother)
IgG
Found in blood/plasma- effective against certain bacteria, viruses, and toxins
IgM
Found in blood/plasma- first antibody to appear in response to initial exposure to antigen
IgA
colostrum (breast milk)
IgE
Allergic reactions
Tetanus
given toxin antigens to develop antibody response
Anti-toxin/venom
given antibodies (passive, artificial)
