Endocrine system 14 Flashcards
Controls endocrine system; chemical that influences or controls the activities of other tissues/organ; released by glands
Hormone
Sites where hormones have their effect
Target Tissues
Hormones released/regulated by:
Negative feedback mechanisms, biorhythms, direct CNS activation
Anterior Pituitary
Adenohypophysis
Attaches to posterior pituitary to hypothalamus
Infundibulum
Anterior pituitary hormones
Growth, Prolactin, Tropic
Tropic hormones
ACTH, TSH, FSH, LH
ACTH
Adrenocorticotropic; stimulates adrenal cortex to secrete steroids
TSH
Thyroid Stimulating hormone; secretes T3 T4
FSH
Gonadotropic; stimulates development of Ova and sperm
LH
Lutenizing; Causes ovulation; Testosterone & Estrogen
GH continues to release after epiphyseal disk closes (ex: andre the giant)
Acromegaly
Extension of Hypothalamus
Posterior Pituitary (neurohypophysis)
Posterior Pituitary hormones
ADH and Oxytocin
ADH
Antidiuretic hormone; released to conserve water; causes vasoconstriction (vasopressin)
Deficiency of _____ causes Diabetes Insipidus urinate a lot
ADH
Has secretory units called follicles that secrete T3 T4; necessary for maturation of CNS and growth
Thyroid Gland
Cells adjacent to follicular cells that produce calcitonin
Parafollicular
Thyroid Gland Hormones
Parathyroid Hormone and Thyroid Hormone
PTH
osteoclastic; ^ blood calcium; ^ absorption of calcium from gut; ^ absorption from urine (phosphaturic effect)
TH
T3 T4 secreted by the thyroid gland; control metabolic rate and regulate growth and development
Parafollicular cells
Located between follicles; secrete calcitonin; v calcium; osteoblastic
Iodine Deficiency
caused by low amount of T3 and T4; causes goiter
^ Iodine
Hyperthyroid
v Iodine
Hypothyroid
Adrenal Glands are near ____
The kidneys
Inner Region of Adrenal gland
Adrenal Medulla
Adrenal Medulla
extension of sympathetic nervous system secrete (nor)epinephrine
Outer Region of Adrenal gland
Adrenal Cortex
Adrenal Cortex secretes
Steroids -> Glucocorticoids, mineralcorticoids, sex hormones
Glucocorticoids
cortisol-> ^ blood glucose regulates ACTH
Mineralcorticoids
Aldosterone-> regulates blood pressure/volume
Sex hormones
T & E
Addison’s disease
Hyposecretion of cortisol (steroid)
Cushing’s disease
Hypersecretion of cortisol (steroid)
Pancreas Hormones
Insulin and Glucagon
Islets of Langerhans
secretes Insulin Beta cells and Glucagon Alpha cells;pancreas
Insulin
v blood glucose; Puts blood glucose into cell; (diabetes mellitus)
Glucagon
^ blood glucose levels
Diabetes mellitus
Hyperglycemia(sugar unable to move into cells/v insulin)»>Glucosuria(excess sugar=in pee)»>Polydipsia(glucosuria=loss of water=thirst)»>Polyphagia(cells unable to use glucose for energy=hunger)»>Acidosis(can’t burn glucose so burn fatty acids instead)
ThymusGland
Immunity; larger in child than in adult
Pineal Gland
Biological Clock; biorhythms; secretes melatonin;
Secondary messenger
The interaction of the hormone with its receptor stimulates the production of a second messenger such as (cAMP) The cAMP, in turn, helps activate the enzymes in the cell
