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2AP > Endocrine system 14 > Flashcards

Endocrine system 14 Flashcards

1
Q

Controls endocrine system; chemical that influences or controls the activities of other tissues/organ; released by glands

A

Hormone

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2
Q

Sites where hormones have their effect

A

Target Tissues

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3
Q

Hormones released/regulated by:

A

Negative feedback mechanisms, biorhythms, direct CNS activation

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4
Q

Anterior Pituitary

A

Adenohypophysis

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5
Q

Attaches to posterior pituitary to hypothalamus

A

Infundibulum

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6
Q

Anterior pituitary hormones

A

Growth, Prolactin, Tropic

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7
Q

Tropic hormones

A

ACTH, TSH, FSH, LH

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8
Q

ACTH

A

Adrenocorticotropic; stimulates adrenal cortex to secrete steroids

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9
Q

TSH

A

Thyroid Stimulating hormone; secretes T3 T4

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10
Q

FSH

A

Gonadotropic; stimulates development of Ova and sperm

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11
Q

LH

A

Lutenizing; Causes ovulation; Testosterone & Estrogen

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12
Q

GH continues to release after epiphyseal disk closes (ex: andre the giant)

A

Acromegaly

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13
Q

Extension of Hypothalamus

A

Posterior Pituitary (neurohypophysis)

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14
Q

Posterior Pituitary hormones

A

ADH and Oxytocin

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15
Q

ADH

A

Antidiuretic hormone; released to conserve water; causes vasoconstriction (vasopressin)

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16
Q

Deficiency of _____ causes Diabetes Insipidus urinate a lot

A

ADH

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17
Q

Has secretory units called follicles that secrete T3 T4; necessary for maturation of CNS and growth

A

Thyroid Gland

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18
Q

Cells adjacent to follicular cells that produce calcitonin

A

Parafollicular

19
Q

Thyroid Gland Hormones

A

Parathyroid Hormone and Thyroid Hormone

20
Q

PTH

A

osteoclastic; ^ blood calcium; ^ absorption of calcium from gut; ^ absorption from urine (phosphaturic effect)

21
Q

TH

A

T3 T4 secreted by the thyroid gland; control metabolic rate and regulate growth and development

22
Q

Parafollicular cells

A

Located between follicles; secrete calcitonin; v calcium; osteoblastic

23
Q

Iodine Deficiency

A

caused by low amount of T3 and T4; causes goiter

24
Q

^ Iodine

A

Hyperthyroid

25
Q

v Iodine

A

Hypothyroid

26
Q

Adrenal Glands are near ____

A

The kidneys

27
Q

Inner Region of Adrenal gland

A

Adrenal Medulla

28
Q

Adrenal Medulla

A

extension of sympathetic nervous system secrete (nor)epinephrine

29
Q

Outer Region of Adrenal gland

A

Adrenal Cortex

30
Q

Adrenal Cortex secretes

A

Steroids -> Glucocorticoids, mineralcorticoids, sex hormones

31
Q

Glucocorticoids

A

cortisol-> ^ blood glucose regulates ACTH

32
Q

Mineralcorticoids

A

Aldosterone-> regulates blood pressure/volume

33
Q

Sex hormones

A

T & E

34
Q

Addison’s disease

A

Hyposecretion of cortisol (steroid)

35
Q

Cushing’s disease

A

Hypersecretion of cortisol (steroid)

36
Q

Pancreas Hormones

A

Insulin and Glucagon

37
Q

Islets of Langerhans

A

secretes Insulin Beta cells and Glucagon Alpha cells;pancreas

38
Q

Insulin

A

v blood glucose; Puts blood glucose into cell; (diabetes mellitus)

39
Q

Glucagon

A

^ blood glucose levels

40
Q

Diabetes mellitus

A

Hyperglycemia(sugar unable to move into cells/v insulin)»>Glucosuria(excess sugar=in pee)»>Polydipsia(glucosuria=loss of water=thirst)»>Polyphagia(cells unable to use glucose for energy=hunger)»>Acidosis(can’t burn glucose so burn fatty acids instead)

41
Q

ThymusGland

A

Immunity; larger in child than in adult

42
Q

Pineal Gland

A

Biological Clock; biorhythms; secretes melatonin;

43
Q

Secondary messenger

A

The interaction of the hormone with its receptor stimulates the production of a second messenger such as (cAMP) The cAMP, in turn, helps activate the enzymes in the cell

2AP (25 decks)

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