21 Immunology

Question 1

Antigens protect against ___

Answer 1

pollen, toxins, cancer cells, anything abnormal

Question 2

Nonspecific 1st line

Answer 2

mechanical- skin, mucous membrane
chemical-tears(lysozyme), HCl, mucous
reflexes- sneeze, cough, vomiting, diarrhea

Question 3

Nonspecific 2nd line

Answer 3

1Phagocytosis; blood- neutrophils, monocytes; tissues- macrophages
2Inflammation- red, hot, swelling, pain bc of ^blood flow =pus
3Fever- ^body temperature to kill bacteria (pyrexia)
pyrogens released from neutrophils>hypothalamus>fever
4Protective proteins- Interferon-virus(halts reproduction); complement-bacteria(attaches to &kills bacteria)
5Natural killer cells- lymphocytes produce chemicals to kill foreign materials

Question 4

Specific 3rd line

Answer 4

Tcells- thymus; cell mediated immunity(army)

Bcells-bone marrow; antibody mediated immunity(air force)

Question 5

If phagocytosis fails, antigen pushed out of macrophage and stimulates a _______ response

Answer 5

specific

Question 6

Once activated, T-cell produce clones of cells thats targets to antigen (4)

Answer 6

killer Tcell
Helper Tcell(produce chemicals to turn on T&B cell)
Suppressor cell (turn off system when job done[B too])
Memory Tcell (remembers antigen=faster response)

Question 7

Once activated, B Cell clones

Answer 7

Plasma cells- produce antibodies

Memory B cells- remember antigen for faster response

Question 8

Level of antibodies in blood

Answer 8

Titer

Question 9

First exposure

Answer 9

Primary response

Question 10

Second exposure

Answer 10

Secondary response is faster and has more antibodies with help from memory cells

Question 11

Booster shots

Answer 11

Boost antibodies, keep them from declining

Question 12

Types of immunity

Answer 12

Genetic and acquired

Question 13

Types of acquired immunity

Answer 13

naturally acquired, artificially acquired(medical treatment)

Question 14

Types of naturally acquired immunity

Answer 14

active(Self) and passive(mother)

Question 15

Types of immunity

Answer 15

Genetic and acquired

Question 16

Types of acquired immunity

Answer 16

naturally acquired, artificially acquired(medical treatment)

Question 17

Level of antibodies in blood

Answer 17

Titer

Question 18

Antibodies given to baby through _____ and _____

Answer 18

Colostrum (breast milk) and blood as a fetus

Question 19

IgG

Answer 19

Found in blood/plasma- effective against certain bacteria, viruses, and toxins

Question 20

IgM

Answer 20

Found in blood/plasma- first antibody to appear in response to initial exposure to antigen

Question 21

IgA

Answer 21

colostrum (breast milk)

Question 22

IgE

Answer 22

Allergic reactions

Question 23

Tetanus

Answer 23

given toxin antigens to develop antibody response

Question 24

Anti-toxin/venom

Answer 24

given anitbodies (passive, artificial)

Question 25

Allergic reactions

Answer 25

IgE; contact dermatitis; anaphylaxis- vasodilation= v Blood pressure(shock) / Bronchoconstriction- difficulty breathing

Question 26

Autoimmune disease

Answer 26

immune system attacks itself; make antibodies against itself

Question 27

Autoimmune diseases:

thyroid disease, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus

Answer 27

attacks thyroid, attacks joints, attacks pancreas

Question 28

Organ rejection

Answer 28

in transplant, donor has to have same antigens, given steroids= weakened immune response