25 electrolyte balance acid/base

Question 1

Intracellular

Answer 1

inside cells, 2/3 of water found here; K+, PO4-, Mg+

Question 2

Extracellular

Answer 2

outside of cells 1/3 of water; ^Na+, Cl-, HCO3-; interstitial fluid, blood vessesl (plasma), lymphatic vessels (lymph); cavities: cerebral spinal fluid, glandular secretions

Question 3

Water electrolytes move through:

Answer 3

filtration, osmosis, diffusion, active transport pump- move against concentration gradient [atp]

Question 4

Water balance- input has to equal

Answer 4

output; 2500 ml/day

Question 5

Fluid intake from

Answer 5

60% fluid/drink, 30% food, 10% water from metabolism (breakdown of glucose=water&glucose, )

Question 6

Primary indicator of need for water intake

Answer 6

Thirst

Question 7

Fluid excreted by

Answer 7

kidneys/urine (primary regulator adh [in] aldosterone [out], skin/lungs 28%, feces/sweat 12%

Question 8

Dehydration

Answer 8

v blood volume/pressure=hypovolemic shock

Question 9

Electrolytes

Answer 9

produce cations+ and anions- when dissolved

Question 10

Sodium

Answer 10

chief extracellular cation 90% of cations in extracellular fluid

Question 11

Hyper/hypo natremic

Answer 11

too much/little sodium in the blood-controlled by aldosterone secreted by adrenal cortex

Question 12

Hypernatremic

Answer 12

lose water, not sodium high concentration of Na; diuretics- lose water through urine; diabetes- lose glucose in urine that takes water with it

Question 13

Hyponatremic

Answer 13

^water intake vNa concentration

Question 14

Potassium

Answer 14

chief intracellular cation; regulated by aldosterone- stimulates distal tubule of kidney to excrete potassium into urine

Question 15

Hyperkalemic

Answer 15

malfunctioning kidneys unable to excrete K; excess Potassium in the blood

Question 16

Hypokalemic

Answer 16

Prolonged use of Diuretics=loss of potassium; caused by vomiting/diarrhea

Question 17

Calcium

Answer 17

regulated by vCalcitonin and parathyroid hormone^

Question 18

Chloride

Answer 18

chief extracellular anion

Question 19

Bicarbonate HCO3-

Answer 19

alkaline anion that removes excess acidity from the body; excreted by kidneys as the body needs it

Question 20

Normal pH of blood

Answer 20

acidosis 7.35-7.45 alkalosis

Question 21

___ governs ph

Answer 21

H+; ^-lower number acidic; v higher number alkaline

Question 22

Metabolization of carbs, proteins, lipids effect on H+

Answer 22

Increase

Question 23

Mechanisms to regulate acid/base balance

Answer 23

1) Buffers
2) Respirations
3) Kidneys

Question 24

Mechanisms to regulate acid/base balance:

Buffers

Answer 24

quick, limited capacity; accept H+ when acidic/low ph; donate H+ when alkaline/high ph

Question 25

Mechanisms to regulate acid/base balance:

Respirations

Answer 25

moderate, moderate capacity; ^CO2=^H+=acidic; v CO2=v H+ = alkaline

Question 26

Mechanisms to regulate acid/base balance:

Kidneys

Answer 26

slow; high capacity; retain or excrete H+/HCO3- in forming urine

Question 27

Acidosis

Answer 27

ph below 7.35

Question 28

Respiratory caused Acidosis

Answer 28

hypoventilation; emphysema, chest injury where it hurts to breathe; buffers accept H+; renal compensation of respiratory acidosis- excrete H+

Question 29

Metabolic caused Acidosis

Answer 29

diarrhea=loss of alkaline bicarbonate/vomitting/->respiratory compensation of metabolic acidosis

Question 30

Alkalosis

Answer 30

ph greater than 7.45

Question 31

Respiratory caused alkalosis=

Answer 31

renal compensation of respiratory alkalosis-donate H+

Question 32

Metabolic caused alkalosis

Answer 32

vomiting of acid stomach contents -respiratory compensation of metabolic alkalosis-breathing slows = H+^

Question 33

Buffers

Answer 33

immediate response then respiratory, kidney step in after