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2AP > 22 Respiratory system > Flashcards

22 Respiratory system Flashcards

1
Q

Pulmonology

A

study of respiratory system

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2
Q

Upper respiratory tract

A

respiratory organs outside of chest cavity

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3
Q

nasal cavity

A

contain olfactory receptors (smell)

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4
Q

nasal conchae

A

increase surface area of mucous membranes that contain blood vessels that warm/humidify air and mucous secreting cells

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5
Q

Paranasal sinuses

A

drainage opening, drains into nasal cavity

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6
Q

Nasopharynx

A

only air passes through

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7
Q

oropharynx/laryngo

A

air food and water pass through

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8
Q

Laryngopharynx

A

sorts air/food/water

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9
Q

Pharynx (throat)

A

Contain tonsils and opening of eustachian tubes(connect to middle ear)

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10
Q

Larynx (voice box)

A

composed of cartilages, ligaments, muscle, thyroid bone

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11
Q

Largest cartilage in larynx

A

thyroid (adams apple)

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12
Q

Epiglottis-

A

flap of cartilage that covers the glottis (opening) to protect airway

( \ / )

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13
Q

Vocal cords

A

folds that seal opening to protect windpipe from food/water, vibrate to produce sound(voice), sinus and pharynx effect how it sounds

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14
Q

Trachea (windpipe): carina, bronchi, bronchioles

A

carina- point trachea divides into 2 bronchi
bronchi- c shaped cartilages (keep open)
Bronchioles-have smooth muscle to keep open

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15
Q

Alveolus

A

capillaries full of blood (gas exchange)

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16
Q

Atelectasis

A

collapsed/airless alveoli (no gas echange)

17
Q

Lungs

A

in pleural cavity; right(3 lobes) Left (2); outside surface of lungs and inside of chest cavity covered in serous membrane that secretes lubricating fluid

18
Q

visceral/ parietal

A

visceral- covers organ

parietal - covers wall/ cavity lining

19
Q

Diaphragm

A

innervated by phrenic nerve- exits spinal column at c4

20
Q

Intercostal muscles

A

help breathe (enlarge rib cage) required atp to inhale

21
Q

Nervous control

A

begins at medulla oblongata inspiratory neurons ->spinal cord->phrenic nerve/intercostals
expiratory neurons shut down inspiratory neurons

22
Q

Chemical control

A

CNS and peripheral chemoreceptor (respond to chemicals); monitors [CO2, H+], O2, CO2 most significant factor in regulation

23
Q

Collapsing forces

A

elastic forces and surface tension of water in alveolus

24
Q

Surfactant

A

breaks surface tension so alveoli don’t collapse

25
Q

Expansive force

A

Vacuum between lungs and thoracic cavity wall

26
Q

Pneumothorax

A

when air gets sucked in bc of wound= lungs collapse; vacuum air back out to fix it

27
Q

Tensionpneumothorax

A

hole in the lung; seal up lung and vacuum air out of cavity to fix it

28
Q

Effective respiration (3)

A

Ventilation/ breathing
exchange of CO2 and O2
transport mechanisms

29
Q

Ventilation/ breathing

A

Inhalation/exhalation (respiratory cycle)

vol^ pressure v (inversely related)

30
Q

Exchange of CO2 and O2

A

lungs, in alveoli ; tissues, in capillaries

diffusion

31
Q

Transport mechanisms

A

O2 carried by HEMoglobin (oxyhemoglobin); CO2 dissolves in plasma 10%, carried by hemoGLOBIN 20%, carried as HCO3 bicarbonate 70%

32
Q

Tidal volume

A

breathing small amount while relaxed

33
Q

Inspiratory reserve volume

A

max inhalation after normal tidal volume inhaltion

34
Q

Expiratory reserve volume

A

max exhalation after normal tidal volume exhalation

35
Q

Residual volume

A

air that can’t be forced out

36
Q

Total lung capacity

A

all the air the lungs can hold

37
Q

Vital capacity

A

max inhale, rapid and strong exhale (pulmonary function test)

38
Q

Breathing patterns

A

Hyperventilation v CO2 (alkalosis)

hypoventilation ^CO2 respiratory obstruction (acidosis)

2AP (25 decks)

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