22 Respiratory system

Question 1

Pulmonology

Answer 1

study of respiratory system

Question 2

Upper respiratory tract

Answer 2

respiratory organs outside of chest cavity

Question 3

nasal cavity

Answer 3

contain olfactory receptors (smell)

Question 4

nasal conchae

Answer 4

increase surface area of mucous membranes that contain blood vessels that warm/humidify air and mucous secreting cells

Question 5

Paranasal sinuses

Answer 5

drainage opening, drains into nasal cavity

Question 6

Nasopharynx

Answer 6

only air passes through

Question 7

oropharynx/laryngo

Answer 7

air food and water pass through

Question 8

Laryngopharynx

Answer 8

sorts air/food/water

Question 9

Pharynx (throat)

Answer 9

Contain tonsils and opening of eustachian tubes(connect to middle ear)

Question 10

Larynx (voice box)

Answer 10

composed of cartilages, ligaments, muscle, thyroid bone

Question 11

Largest cartilage in larynx

Answer 11

thyroid (adams apple)

Question 12

Epiglottis-

Answer 12

flap of cartilage that covers the glottis (opening) to protect airway

( \ / )

Question 13

Vocal cords

Answer 13

folds that seal opening to protect windpipe from food/water, vibrate to produce sound(voice), sinus and pharynx effect how it sounds

Question 14

Trachea (windpipe): carina, bronchi, bronchioles

Answer 14

carina- point trachea divides into 2 bronchi
bronchi- c shaped cartilages (keep open)
Bronchioles-have smooth muscle to keep open

Question 15

Alveolus

Answer 15

capillaries full of blood (gas exchange)

Question 16

Atelectasis

Answer 16

collapsed/airless alveoli (no gas echange)

Question 17

Lungs

Answer 17

in pleural cavity; right(3 lobes) Left (2); outside surface of lungs and inside of chest cavity covered in serous membrane that secretes lubricating fluid

Question 18

visceral/ parietal

Answer 18

visceral- covers organ

parietal - covers wall/ cavity lining

Question 19

Diaphragm

Answer 19

innervated by phrenic nerve- exits spinal column at c4

Question 20

Intercostal muscles

Answer 20

help breathe (enlarge rib cage) required atp to inhale

Question 21

Nervous control

Answer 21

begins at medulla oblongata inspiratory neurons ->spinal cord->phrenic nerve/intercostals
expiratory neurons shut down inspiratory neurons

Question 22

Chemical control

Answer 22

CNS and peripheral chemoreceptor (respond to chemicals); monitors [CO2, H+], O2, CO2 most significant factor in regulation

Question 23

Collapsing forces

Answer 23

elastic forces and surface tension of water in alveolus

Question 24

Surfactant

Answer 24

breaks surface tension so alveoli don’t collapse

Question 25

Expansive force

Answer 25

Vacuum between lungs and thoracic cavity wall

Question 26

Pneumothorax

Answer 26

when air gets sucked in bc of wound= lungs collapse; vacuum air back out to fix it

Question 27

Tensionpneumothorax

Answer 27

hole in the lung; seal up lung and vacuum air out of cavity to fix it

Question 28

Effective respiration (3)

Answer 28

Ventilation/ breathing exchange of CO2 and O2 transport mechanisms

Question 29

Ventilation/ breathing

Answer 29

Inhalation/exhalation (respiratory cycle) | vol^ pressure v (inversely related)

Question 30

Exchange of CO2 and O2

Answer 30

lungs, in alveoli ; tissues, in capillaries | diffusion

Question 31

Transport mechanisms

Answer 31

O2 carried by HEMoglobin (oxyhemoglobin); CO2 dissolves in plasma 10%, carried by hemoGLOBIN 20%, carried as HCO3 bicarbonate 70%

Question 32

Tidal volume

Answer 32

breathing small amount while relaxed

Question 33

Inspiratory reserve volume

Answer 33

max inhalation after normal tidal volume inhaltion

Question 34

Expiratory reserve volume

Answer 34

max exhalation after normal tidal volume exhalation

Question 35

Residual volume

Answer 35

air that can't be forced out

Question 36

Total lung capacity

Answer 36

all the air the lungs can hold

Question 37

Vital capacity

Answer 37

max inhale, rapid and strong exhale (pulmonary function test)

Question 38

Breathing patterns

Answer 38

Hyperventilation v CO2 (alkalosis) | hypoventilation ^CO2 respiratory obstruction (acidosis)