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Cell Bio > Final Topic 22 - Eukaryotes - Cytoskeleton Part 2 > Flashcards

Final Topic 22 - Eukaryotes - Cytoskeleton Part 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Found in all eucaryotic cells

A

Actin Filaments

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2
Q

Actin Filaments form:

A

1) Microvilli of intestinal epithelial cells
2) Small contractile bundles in cells
3) Dynamic protrusions of the motile cells
4) Contractile ring to separate cells during cell division

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3
Q

Formed by polymerization of monomers

A

Actin Filaments

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4
Q

2 filaments of actin monomers all of which point in the same direction

A

Twist around each other

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5
Q

G-actin

A

Monomer

Globular Actin

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6
Q

F-actin

A

Actin Filament

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7
Q

Actin has

A

polarity

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8
Q

(+) end

A

addition

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9
Q

(-) end

A

Loss

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10
Q

Actin can bind and hydrolyze

A

ATP

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11
Q

ATP bound actin has a higher affinity to

A

Form a filament

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12
Q

ADP-actin is more like to

A

Disassemble

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13
Q

Promotes disassembly

A

Nucleotide hydrolysis

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14
Q

Actin-ATP adds to ____ end and Actin-ADP then falls off the _____ end

A

(+)

-

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15
Q

About half of actin in the cell is maintained as

A

G-actin

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16
Q

Protein that binds to the G-actin monomer to keep it from polymerizing into F-actin

A

Profilin

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17
Q

Regulates when and where the cell can make a filament

A

Profilin

18
Q

Actin polymerizes at

A

The (+) end

19
Q

Actin depolymerizes at

A

The (-) end

20
Q

Three main actin structures that cells use to move

A

1) Filopodium
2) Lamellipodium
3) Contractile bundles - actin and Myosin II (motor protein)

21
Q

Allow cells to move

A

Actin filaments

22
Q

Steps of cell locomotion

A
  1. Actin polymerization at the lamellipodium pushes cell forward
  2. The cell attaches the lamellipodium to the substrate through feet called integrins
  3. Actin and Myosin II (actin motor protein) provide contractile forces to pull the cell forward
23
Q

Cell “feet”

A

Integrins

24
Q

Protein that binds to the (+) end of F-actin and promotes the addition of G-actin to the end of an unbranched filament

A

Formins

25
Q

Bind to the side of an existing actin filament and nucleate actin branching

A

ARP 2/3 Complex

26
Q

A family of actin-dependent motor proteins

A

Myosin

27
Q

Myosin bind and hydrolyze

A

ATP

28
Q

Myosin moves towards the

A

(+) end of the filament

29
Q

Has one actin binding ATPase head and one tail

A

Myosin I

30
Q

The main myosin protein in muscle

A

Myosin II

31
Q

Forms a dimer

A

Myosin II

32
Q

Two actin binding ATPase heads joined together by a coiled-coil tail

A

Myosin II

33
Q

Myosin II molecules cluster together through their tails into

A

Myosin Bipolar Filaments

34
Q

Muscle tissue is made up of

A

Muscle cells

35
Q

Multi-nucleated cells with cytoplasm of myofibrils

A

Muscle cells

36
Q

Cylindrical tubes that consist of repeating contractile units called sarcomeres

A

Myofibrils

37
Q

The basic contractile unit of the muscle

A

Sarcomere

38
Q

Actin filaments are anchored to the _________ at their _______ ends

A

Z disc

(+) ends

39
Q

The actin filaments face

A

Each other in the sarcomere

40
Q

Upon contraction, the myosin heads move

A

Towards the (+) end and pulls the actin filaments towards each other

41
Q

Myosin II Power Stroke

A
  1. Myosin head is bound in nucleotide free form to actin
  2. ATP binds to myosin and releases it from actin
  3. Hydrolysis of myosin head changes the conformation of the head forward
  4. Binding of the head to actin releases Pi
  5. Release of ADP provides the conformational change to move the head backwards
42
Q

The use of ATP hydrolysis to move along the actin filament

A

Myosin head power stroke

Cell Bio (30 decks)

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