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Cell Bio > Exam 4 (Topic 20) > Flashcards

Exam 4 (Topic 20) Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Increases membrane surface

A

Cristae

The inner membrane of mitochondria form extensive folds

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2
Q

Where is the electron transport chain?

A

Folds of the inner membrane (cristae)

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3
Q

Two main stages of the ETC

A
  1. Oxidation of electron carriers and pumping of protons (down the gradient) across the membrane from the matrix to the intermembrane space
  2. Creation of ATP
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4
Q

Stage 1 and Stage 2 are two separate events but a ___________ ____________ relationship

A

Chemiosmotic Coupling

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5
Q

Refers to ATP synthesis

A

chemi

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6
Q

Refers to the movement of H+ across a membrane

A

Osmotic

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7
Q

Energy from the passage of electrons through the ETC is used to pump protons across the membrane creating a very large

A

Proton gradient

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8
Q

Protons flow back down the electrochemical gradient through

A

ATP synthase

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9
Q

Protein complex that makes ATP from ADP + Pi

A

ATP synthase

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10
Q

In the electron transport chain, protons are pumped from the ________ to the _________ to form the proton gradient.

A

Matrix, Intermembrane space

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11
Q

NADH and FADH2 are ___________ in the ETC and converted back to ____ and ______

A

Oxidized

NAD+ and FAD

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12
Q

The electrons move down the ETC and combine with O2 to make

A

H2O

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13
Q

_______________________ provides the energy to pump protons from the matrix to the intermembrane space

A

The passage of electrons down the ETC

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14
Q

Protons are going _________ their electrochemical gradient

A

against

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15
Q

________________ drives the synthesis of ATP and is called __________________

A

Resulting proton gradient

Oxidative phosphorylation

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16
Q

ETC is made up of over ____ proteins

A

40

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17
Q

Three main respiratory enzyme complexes

A
  1. NADH dehydrogenase complex
  2. Cytochrome b-c1 complex
  3. Cytochrome oxidase complex
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18
Q
  1. NADH dehydrogenase complex
  2. Cytochrome b-c1 complex
  3. Cytochrome oxidase complex
A

Three main respiratory enzyme complexes

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19
Q

ETC begins when…

A

hydride ion is removed from NADH

NADH becomes oxidized

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20
Q

What energy pumps 1 H+ from the matrix to the intermembrane space?

A

Two electrons are passed through the NADH dehydrogenase complex and energy is released

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21
Q

Electrons are passed from the NADH dehydrogenase complex to

A

Ubiquinone

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22
Q

Small lipid soluble molecule that shuttles electrons from NADH dehydrogenase complex to the cytochrome b-c1 complex

A

Ubiquinone

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23
Q

Electrons are passed from Ubiquinone to the

A

Cytochrome b-c1 complex

24
Q

Passage of electrons through the cytochrome b-c1 complex releases energy which is used to

A

pump 1 H+ from the matrix into the intermembrane space

25
Q

Electrons are passed from cytochrome b-c1 complex to

A

cytochrome c

26
Q

A protein that shuttles electrons from the cyctochrome b-c1 complex to the cytochrome oxidase complex

A

Cytochrome c

27
Q

Electrons are passed throught the Cytochrome oxidase complex and again release energy to

A

pump 1 H+ from the matrix to the intermembrane space

28
Q

Cytochrome oxidase complex

A

4 e- + 4 H+ + 1 O2 –> 2 H2O

29
Q

Path of electrons in ETC

A
  1. NADH–> NADH dehyrogenase complex (1 H+ pumped)
  2. NADH dehydrogenase complex –> Ubiquinon (shuttle)
  3. Ubiquinone (shuttle) –> Cytochrome b-c1 complex (1 H+ pumped)
  4. Cytochrome b-c1 complex –> cytochrome c (shuttle)
  5. Cytochrome c (shuttle) –> cytochrome oxidase complex (1 H+ pumped)
  6. Cytochrome oxidase complex –> O2 –> H2O
30
Q

Step 1 of the path of electrons in ETC

A

NADH–> NADH dehyrogenase complex (1 H+ pumped)

31
Q

Step 2 of the path of electrons in ETC

A

NADH dehydrogenase complex –> Ubiquinon (shuttle)

32
Q

Step 3 of the path of electrons in ETC

A

Ubiquinone (shuttle) –> Cytochrome b-c1 complex (1 H+ pumped)

33
Q

Step 4 of the path of electrons in ETC

A

Cytochrome b-c1 complex –> cytochrome c (shuttle)

34
Q

Step 5 of the path of electrons in ETC

A

Cytochrome c (shuttle) –> cytochrome oxidase complex (1 H+ pumped)

35
Q

Step 6 of the path of electrons in ETC

A

Cytochrome oxidase complex –> O2 –> H2O

36
Q

What does not pump H+ from the mitochrondria matrix to the mitochondria intermembrane space?

A

Cytochrome C

Ubiquinone

37
Q

Pumping H+ across the inner membrane into the intermembrane space creates two things:

A
  1. A large membrane potential

2. A pH gradient

38
Q

The matrix has an overall negative charge and the intermembrane space has an overall positive charge

A

Membrane potential

39
Q

More H+ in the intermembrane space, so pH is lower than in the matrix

A

pH gradient

40
Q

Combined, two gradients (membrane potential and pH gradient) add up to a steep

A

electrochemical gradient

41
Q

Makes it energetically favorable for H+ to flow back into the matrix

A

Electrochemical gradient

42
Q

It is energetically favorable for H+ to flow back into the matrix

A

Proton Motive Force

43
Q

Can be used to make ATP

A

Proton Motive Force

44
Q

H+ move down the gradient through a protein complex called

A

ATP synthase

45
Q

The energetically favorable movement of H+ is used by ______________ to catalyze ADP + Pi –> ATP

A

ATP synthase

46
Q

Molecular turbine

A

ATP Synthase

47
Q

Two main complexes of ATP Synthase

A

F0 and F1

48
Q

The transmembrane portion that allows H+ to flow back through the inner membrane

A

F0

49
Q

A “lollipop” head portion that contains ATPase enzymatic activity

A

F1

50
Q

The F1 is in the

A

mitochondria matrix

51
Q

H+ flow down the electrochemical gradient through a channel in the ____ portion of ATP synthase

A

F0

Causing the F0 “stalk” to rotate

52
Q

________ changes the conformation of the F1 portion of ATP synthase which activates the ATPase activity

A

Rotation

53
Q

Activates the ATPase activity

A

When rotation changes the conformation of the F1 portion of ATP synthase

54
Q

Rotation of the F0 portion can reverse if

A

Low concentrations of H+ are present

55
Q

ATP synthase can work

A

in reverse

56
Q

Where have seen an ATPase H+ pump?

A

Lysosome

57
Q

If ATP synthase is working in reverse it must

A

Hydrolyze ATP to pump H+

Cell Bio (30 decks)

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