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Cell Bio > Cell Bio Lab Practical > Flashcards

Cell Bio Lab Practical Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Agranulocytes

A

Lymphocytes and Monocytes

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2
Q

Granulocytes

A

Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils

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3
Q

Attached to nose piece of microscope with 4 different attachments

A

Objective Lens

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4
Q

Process of enlarging an object only in appearance

A

Magnification

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5
Q

The ability to tell 2 points apart as separate points

A

Resolution

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6
Q

The vertical distance with which structure are in sharp focus

A

Depth of Field (DOF); decreases as magnification is increased

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7
Q

Distance from the bottom of the microscope (lens) to the part of the specimen that is in focus

A

Working Distance; decreases as magnification increases

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8
Q

Most commonly micrometer

A

Unit of Length

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9
Q

Under normal viewing conditions resolution is increased by decreasing the wavelength of the light source; wavelength/2 X numerical aperture

A

Resolving Power

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10
Q

Two fundamental characteristics of living organisms

A

Self-maintenance and Self-replication

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11
Q

The smallest unit of life

A

Single cell

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12
Q

Cell Theory

A
  1. All organisms are composed of cells
  2. All cells arise from preexisting cells
  3. All hereditary components of organisms occur in cells
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13
Q

Difference between Prokaryote and Eukaryote

A

Organelles in Euk.
No nucleus in Pro
Pro DNA is circular

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14
Q

Bacteria that use H2 to reduce CO2 to methane

A

Methonagens

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15
Q

Bacteria that live where it is hot and acidic

A

Thermoacidophiles

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16
Q

Bacteria that live where it is hot

A

Hyperthermophiles

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17
Q

Salt-loving bacteria

A

Extreme Halophiles

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18
Q

Bacteria that respire using sulfur and organic carbon and live in extreme heat and acidic environments

A

Thermoplasma

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19
Q

Bacteria that survive and multiply only in the absence of free oxygen

A

Obligate anaerobes

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20
Q

Bacteria that can survive without oxygen when it is unavailable, but it also oxygen tolerant

A

Facultative Anerobes

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21
Q

Morphological Groups

A

Coccus and Bacillus and Spirillum

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22
Q

Spherical Morphological Group

A

Coccus

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23
Q

Rod shaped Morphological Group

A

Bacilli

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24
Q

Spiral Morphological Group

A

Spirillum

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25
Q

Direct Stain with a basic dye

A

Methylene Blue

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26
Q

Staining that dissociates

A

Methylene Blue (+)

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27
Q

Stains in which the chromatophore is negative

A

Acidic stains aka Cytoplasmic stains

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28
Q

Stains in which the chromatophore is positive

A

Basic stains

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29
Q

Fixing bacteria to a slide

A

bacteria is made to stick to the slide

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30
Q

Congo Red

A

Negative (acidic) staining using nigrosin or Congo Red; has a negatively charged chromatophore; easy to observe cell size and shape; cells appear as clear, colorless objects agains a dark background

31
Q

Objective lends power X ocular lens power

A

Total Magnification

32
Q

Ability of the lenses to distinguish fine detail

A

Resolution

33
Q

Change by staining specimens

A

Refractive Index

34
Q

Improves resolution

A

Oil Immersion

35
Q

One of the most important staining techniques available

A

Gram Stain

36
Q

Gram Positive

A

Purple

37
Q

Gram Negative

A

Pink

38
Q

Erythrocytes

A

Red blood cells

39
Q

Leukocytes

A

White blood cells

40
Q

Thrombocytes

A

Platelets

41
Q

Composition of blood

A

Plasma or serum, RBC’s, WBC’s, and platelets

42
Q

Contain the red pigment hemoglobin and are the most abundant

A

Red blood cells

43
Q

Globin

A

polypeptide in RBCs

44
Q

Heme

A

Complex iron-containing structure in RBCs

45
Q

Basic functional unit of a mature compact bone

A

Cylindrical Osteon

46
Q

Mature bone cells

A

Osteocytes: found in outer portions of the osteon of the bone and shafts of long bones; Dark spots on outer ring of the central canal; provides great strength and support

47
Q

Usually round, with relatively thick walls; Rippled

A

Artery

48
Q

Usually flattened or collapsed with relatively thin walls; Smooth

A

Vein

49
Q

Nitrogen containing compounds of high molecular weight found associated with proteins in the cell

A

Nucleic Acids

50
Q

Nucleoproteins

A

Nucleic acid-protein complexes

51
Q

Two main groups of nucleic acids

A

RNA and DNA

52
Q

Fundamental building blocks of nucleic acids

A

Nucleotides

53
Q

Two classes of nitrogenous in nucleic acids

A

Purines and Pyrimidines

54
Q

Adenine and Guanine

A

Purines

55
Q

Cytosine, Uracil, and Thymine

A

Pyrimidines

56
Q

The sugar is covalently linked to a nitrogen of the purine or pyrimidine base

A

Nucleosides

57
Q

A hydroxyl group on the sugar of the nucleoside is covalently linked in an ester bond with phosphoric acid

A

Nucleotides

58
Q

Macromolecules in which the nucleotides are linked by phosphodiester bonds between 3’ and 5’ positions of the sugars

A

Nucleic acids

59
Q

Function of DNA

A

to act as the store of genetic information and to control the synthesis of proteins in the cell

60
Q

Separating solutes in a mixture using a stationary phase and a mobile phase

A

Paper Chromatography

61
Q

Carried out by placing samples to be analyzed on strips or sheets of filter paper and allowing an organic solvent saturated with water to flow slowly up the paper by capillary action

A

Paper chromatography

62
Q

The migration rate of the solute in the direction of solvent flow is defined as

A

the Rf value

63
Q

Alpha-hydroxylevulinaldehyde reacts with __________ to give blue complex

A

Diphenylamine

64
Q

_________ reacts with the furfural in the presence of ferric chloride to yield a green color

A

Orcinol

65
Q

Conduct action potentials, store information and in some way integrate and evaluate data

A

Neurons

66
Q

6-amino purine

A

Adenine

67
Q

5 Nitrogens and No Oxygens

A

Adenine

68
Q

2-amino-6-oxy purine

A

Guanine

69
Q

5 Nitrogen and 1 Oxygen

A

Guanine

70
Q

2-oxy-4-oxy-methyl pyrimidine

A

Thymine

71
Q

2 Nitrogen 2 Oxygen and 1 CH3

A

Thymine

72
Q

2-oxy-4-amino pyrimidine

A

Cytosine

73
Q

3 Nitrogen and 1 Oxygen

A

Cytosine

Cell Bio (30 decks)

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