Cell Bio Practical (Lab 2)

Question 1

2 fundamental characteristics absent in nonliving things

Answer 1

Self-maintain and self-replicate

Question 2

The cell walls of most prokaryotes contain what?

Answer 2

Peptidoglycan (a molecule that is unique to Prokaryotes)

Question 3

Two joined amino sugars of Peptidoglycan

Answer 3

N-acetyleglucosamine (NAG) and N-acetylmuramic (NAM)

Question 4

Peptidoglycan contains

Answer 4

N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic

Question 5

Bacteria the use H2 to reduce CO2 to methane

Answer 5

Methanogens

Question 6

Bacteria that live where it is hot and acidic)

Answer 6

Thermoacidophiles

Question 7

Bacteria that live where it is hot

Answer 7

Hyperthermophiles

Question 8

Salt-loving bacteria

Answer 8

Extreme Halophiles

Question 9

Bacteria that respire using sulfur and organic carbon

Answer 9

Thermoplasma

Question 10

Bacteria that survive only in the absence of free oxygen

Answer 10

Obligate Anaerobes

Question 11

Bacteria that can survive with or without oxygen

Answer 11

Facultative Anaerobes

Question 12

Spherical morphological bacteria

Answer 12

Coccus – Cocci

Question 13

Rod-shaped bacteria

Answer 13

Bacillus – Bacilli

Question 14

Bacterium with a cell body that twists like a spiral

Answer 14

Spirillum (darkfield microscopy)

Question 15

Why are bacteria stained

Answer 15

To increase their contrast with their surroundings and make them more visible

Question 16

Negative (or acidic) stainging using nigrosin

Answer 16

Congo Red (- chromatophore)

Question 17

Stain that forms a deposit around cells

Answer 17

Congo Red (easy to see shape and size)

Question 18

Remagnifies the image formed by the objective lens

Answer 18

Ocular Lens

Question 19

Transmits the image from the objective lens to the ocular lens

Answer 19

Body Tube

Question 20

Primary lenses that magnify the specimen

Answer 20

Objective lens

Question 21

Holds the microscope slide in position

Answer 21

Stage

Question 22

Focuses light through specimen

Answer 22

Condenser

Question 23

Controls the amount of light entering the condenser

Answer 23

Diaphragm

Question 24

Light Source

Answer 24

Illuminator

Question 25

Know

Answer 25

Coarse focusing knob, base, fine focusing knob

Question 26

Objective lens power X ocular lens power

Answer 26

Total Magnification

Question 27

Ability of the lenses to distinguish fine detail

Answer 27

Resolution

Question 28

Change by staining specimens

Answer 28

Refractive Index

Question 29

Improves resolution

Answer 29

Oil Immersion

Question 30

Bacteria have cell walls that contain thick layers of peptidoglycan are

Answer 30

Gram Positive (purple)

Question 31

Bacteria have cell walls that contain thin layers of peptidoglycan are

Answer 31

Gram Negative (Pink

Question 32

Gram Negative have a layer of

Answer 32

Lipopolysaccharide (disrupted by alcohol)