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Human Disease and Therapeutics > FINAL Study Guide: Hepatic > Flashcards

FINAL Study Guide: Hepatic Flashcards

1
Q

What are characteristics of Cholecystitis?

A
  • Acute, often caused by gallstones and obstruction

- Present in 10-20% of the population in the US

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2
Q

What are gallstones made of?

A
  • Cholesterol (most)

- billirubinate or hemolysis (pigmented type)

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3
Q

What are five diseases that affect the liver?

A 
Fatty Liver
Hepatitis
Biliary Disease
Metabolic Disease
Vascular
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4
Q

What causes Fatty liver?

A

ETHOH, obesity, and Diabetes Mellitus

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5
Q

What causes Hepatitis?

A

Virus, drugs, or autoimmunity.

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6
Q

What 3 components make up the liver?

A

Hepatocytes
Duct cells
blood vessels

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7
Q

Portal tracts contain what?

A

the triad of Bile ducts

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8
Q

What do portal veins do?

A

bring blood from gut with nutrients and recently consumed drugs.

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9
Q

Where does blood go to enrich the hepatocytes?

A

Sinusoids

Blood from different sources mix here

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10
Q

After going to the sinusoids where does blood flow in the liver go?

A

To the central vein which leads back to the heart

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11
Q

What cells do all of the metabolic work of the liver?

A

Hepatocytes

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12
Q

What is the number one cause of liver toxicity?

A

DRUGS

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13
Q

What happens with Fatty Liver-Steatosis?

A

-It leads to a collagen scar and permanent injury

  • Worst destruction is fibrosis
  • End stage is Cirrhosis
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14
Q

What happens if hepatocytes die in large sheets?

A

The areas fill up with blood which can then build up due to heart failure and back flow.

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15
Q

What happens if cannuliculi in the liver fill with bile due to cholestasis?

A

The person become Jaundiced

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16
Q

If Hepatitis is caused by a virus what do you have to worry about.

A

Spread because it is contagious

17
Q

What are other causes of Hepatitis other than a virus?

A

Toxins and drugs

ETHOH and acetaminophen

18
Q

What are the differences between acute and chronic hepatitis?

A

Acute can resolve itself

Chronic is less likely to recover (fibrosis is often involved)

19
Q

What types of Hepatitis cause acute?

A

Hep. A and E viruses

*do not tend to go to chronic Hep.

20
Q

What types of Hepatitis cause Chronic?

A

Hep. B and C (rarely D)

*These viruses start with acute hepatitis and frequently progress to chronic and can lead to cirrhosis and even hepatocellular carcinoma.

21
Q

What are characteristics of acute hepatitis?

A
  • < 6months
  • lobular inflammation (surrounding Hepatocytes)
  • No Fibrosis
  • Caused by viral A and E
22
Q

What are characteristics of Chronic Hepatitis?

A
  • > 6 months
  • Portal inflammation (necroinflammatory, and hepatocytes the target.
  • Fibrosis bridging to Cirrhosis
  • Caused by viral B, C, and D (D rarely expressed)
23
Q

What are characteristics of Hep C Virus?

A
  • Easily transmitted to blood and needles
  • During the acute stage usually no symptoms
  • Low incidence in U.S/ High in China
24
Q

What are characteristics of Hep B Virus?

A
  • Transmitted by blood and needles
  • Acute w/out symptoms
  • Frequently goes on to Chronic
25
Q

What is Cirrhosis?

A

Regenerative hepatocyte nodules; Fibrosis surrounding nodules.

26
Q

What are Characteristics of Autoimmune hepatitis?

A
  • unusual
  • Found in obese middle aged females mainly
  • Typically responds well to steroids
  • Often goes on to advanced fibrosis
27
Q

What Color does the liver turn from Fatty liver disease?

A

-Liver tends to yellow

28
Q

What is Steatosis?

A

Fat accumulation in the liver is temporary, w/ no cellular damage.

29
Q

What is Steatohepatitis?

A

Damage to the liver with fibrosis present (Chronic)

30
Q

What are characteristics of metabolic disease?

A
  • Often associated with iron overloads- can progress to cirrhosis
  • Wilson’s disease
31
Q

What is Wilson’s Disease?

A

Copper metabolic defect goes to hepatitis then cirrhosis

32
Q

What is Billary Disease?

A

Destruction of bile ducts, bile backs up into the liver and causes inflammatory cells to surround ducts
*may form granulomas

33
Q

How much of the population is affected by by Hep B

A

2-10%

34
Q

What cancer is associated with Hep B?

A

-1/2 of hepatocellular carcinomas are associated with Hep B infections

35
Q

What is the Treatment for Hep B?

A
  • Treat with pre/post exposure to immunization to prevent/antivirals
  • Important to get vaccinated
36
Q

What is the Treatment for Hep C?

A
  • Treatment is effective with combo antivirals (ribavirin)

- No immunizations available to prevent-Hep C virus found in > 170 Million carriers world wide

37
Q

What two conditions can be seen with Fatty liver disease?

A

Steatosis

Steatohepatitis

38
Q

What type of inflammation is associated with acute hepatitis?

A

Lobular inflammation

Surrounding Hepatocytes

39
Q

What type of inflammation is associated with Chronic Hepatitis?

A

Portal inflammation
(Necroinflammatory)
*Hepatocytes are the target

Human Disease and Therapeutics (24 decks)

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