3rd Midterm Study Guide: Dermal Pathology Flashcards
What are the 3 cell types of skin?
Squamous cells
Basal cells
melanocytes
Appendages of the skin include…
Apocrine = sweat milky with odors near hair follicles
Eccrine = widely distributed water sweat for heat
Sebaceous = secretes oily sebum for lubrication and to
prevent water loss.
What is a Macule?
Flat, circumscribed (< 5mm)
What is a Papule?
elevated dome or flat topped ( < 5 mm)
What is a Nodule?
elevated dome
> 5 mm
What is a plaque?
elevated flat topped lesion
> 5 mm
What is Lichenification?
Thickened skin due to repeated rubbing
What is a Pustule?
discrete, pus filled raised lesion
what is a Scale?
Dry, plate-like excrescence, imperfect cornification
What is a Vesicle?
Fluid filled raised area
< 5 mm
What is Acantholysis?
Loss of intracellular adhesion keratinocytes
epidermis falls apart and sloughs off
What is Excoriation?
traumatic breakage of the skin
result of intense scratching
What is a Bulla?
Fluid filled raised area
> 5 mm
What is dyskeratosis?
abnormal keratinization that is deeper in the epidermis than normal.
What is hyperkeratosis?
Hyperplasia of stratum cornum
What is spongiosis?
Intracellular edema of the epidermis
What is papillomatosis?
Surface elevation caused by hyperplasia
What are examples of acute inflammatory pathologies of the skin?
- Urticaria (hives)
- Eczematous Dermatitis
- Allergic Contact Dermatitis
- Erythema Multiforma
- Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
What is Urticaria?
Hives
- hypersensitivity mediated by antigens (IgE)
- treat with antihistamine or steroids
What is eczematous Dermatitis?
Contact Dermatitis most common
- delayed hypersensitivity that can be pruritic, edematous, or oozing plaques/vesicles.
- can also be caused by drugs, UV or chemicals
What is Allergic Contact Dermatitis?
Cellular memory of the reaction so that future contacts cause an increased dermatitis reaction
What is Erythema Multiforma?
Hypersensitivity to infections and drugs
- dermal edema that can have blisters or necrosis
- wide range of expressions and severity
What is Stevens-Johnson Syndrome?
A Generalized all over the the body reaction to medicines (Sulfonamides and Salicylates)
- Can also be a reaction to infections such as herpes or a fungus.
- advanced can have epidermal necrosis and blisters
- T-cells attacking antigen and surrounding cells (basal cells)
What are examples of chronic inflammatory pathologies of the skin?
- Psoriasis
- Lichen Planus