3rd Midterm Study Guide: Eye and Ear Flashcards

1
Q

What is a Sty?

A

Skin infection like a pimple

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are cancers of the eye?

A

Basal cell or squamous cell carcinoma on lids destroy lashes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Glaucoma

A

High intraocular pressure in anterior chamber
-Increased pressure within eye due to increased production or decreased outflow of aqueous humor.
Can damage optic nerve and cause blindness.

*#2 cause of blindness after cataracts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How often is aqueous humor replaced?

A

Every 2 hours (supplies nutrients and removes waste)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is closed angle glaucoma?

A

Iris fused to Cornea

  • Often painful
  • Fast developing
  • Requires immediate attention to avoid blindness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is Open angle glaucoma?

A

Wide space between Iris and Cornea

  • age, african american, Diabetes, Hypertension
  • By far the most common form of Glaucoma (90%)
  • Reduction in drainage
  • Slow Development
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What measures intraocular pressure?

A

Tonometry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What drugs treat Glaucoma?

A

Pilocarpine
Timolol
Lantanoprost

  • DO NOT use anticholinergics and stimulants (amphetamines)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How does pilocarpine work?

A

Cholinomimetic that contracts the ciliary muscle and increases outflow of aqueous humor.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How does Timolol work?

A

Beta blocker that decreases aqueous humor secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How does Latanoprost work?

A

Prostaglandin that increases outflow of aqueous humor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are cataracts?

A

Opaque lens due to age, UV exposure, diabetes, or steroid use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are characteristics of Diabetic Retinopathy?

A
  • Microaneurisms on retina

- Cotton wool spots from ischemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Hypertensive Retinopathy looks like…

A

diabetic retinopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are characteristics of Age-related Macular degeneration?

A

-Associated with gene polymorphisms, smoking, CV disease

  • Loss of central vision (widens laterally)
  • Smoking is a risk factor
  • antioxidants can help (minimal benefit)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is retinal detachment?

A

Usually retinal tear resulting from trauma

17
Q

What is the most common tumor in children?

A

Retinoblastoma

18
Q

What is Meniere Disease?

A

Excess of endolymphatic fluid in inner ear

*vertigo, hearing loss, nausea, migrants, tinnitus, swimming feeling

19
Q

What are the risks for Meniere Disease?

A

Abnormal immune response
Allergies
Head trauma
Migraines

20
Q

What drugs treat Meniere Disease?

A
Meclizine 
Diazepam
Promethazine
Long-acting Steroids
Hydrochlorothiazide
21
Q

What is the method of action of Meclizine?

A

Antivert- H1 Blocker, anticholinergic, CNS-Depressant, anti nausea and motion sickness, Xerostomia

22
Q

What is the method of action of Promethazine?

A

H1 Blocker, anticholinergic, anti nausea and motion sickness, Xerostomia

23
Q

What is the method of action of Hydrochlorothiazide?

A

Diuretic-regulate fluid volume and pressure in inner ear

24
Q

What are the symptoms of Otitis Media?

A
Pain (can be mistaken for dental or sinus pain)
ear discharge
headache
hearing loss
tinnitus
vertigo
immobile bulging eardrum
25
What is used to treat Otitis Media?
Amoxicillin or Augmentin or cefaclor