3rd Midterm Study Guide: Pharmacology for Skin, Acne, Muscle Relaxants, and Infections Flashcards
Chronic inflammation can lead to what?
Cancers Pulmonary Diseases Cardiovascular Diseases Diabetes Alzheimer's Oral Diseases (Perio) Neurological Disease Arthritis
What are the 3 drug types for Inflammation?
NSAIDS
Glucocorticoids
DMARDS
How do NSAIDS work?
COX 1 and COX 2 inhibitors
What are side effects of COX 1 NSAIDS?
Bleeding and Kidney problems
What are side effects of COX 2 NSAIDS?
MI and Stroke and hypertension
What are examples of Non-selective NSAIDS?
Aspirin
Ibuprofen
Naproxen
What is an example of a COX II NSAID?
Celecoxib
What is characteristic of Glucocorticoids?
- Rapidly Acting
- Dramatic Effect on inflammation and slowing bone erosions in rheumatoid arthritis.
What are side effects of Glucocorticoids?
- Loss of Muscle mass
- Osteoporosis
- Diabetogenesis
- Peptic Ulcers
- Round Face
- Buffalo Hump
Examples of Glucocorticoids…
Cortisone and Prednisone - Short to Medium acting
Dexamethasone - Long acting
What is characteristic of Glucocorticoids?
- Rapidly acting
- Dramatic effect on inflammation and slowing bone erosions in Rheumatoid Arthritis
What are examples of DMARDS?
Methotrexate
Sulfasalazine
How do DMARDS work?
Decrease inflammation and slow bone damage in rheumatoid arthritis.
*potentially more toxic than other options
What are side effects of DMARDS?
Severe Hepatotoxicity
Stomatitis
Immunosuppression
What are the three types of drugs to treat Acne Vulgaris?
Topical Keratolytics
Antibiotics
Retinoids (Vit A derivatives)
What is the action of Topical Keratolytics?
Removes the keratin layer and opens sebaceous glands
What are examples of Topical Keratolytics?
Salicylic Acid
Benzoyl Peroxide
What are examples of antibiotics used to tx acne vulgaris?
Erythromycin
Tetracycline
Clindamycin
Dapson
What is the action of antibiotics to treat acne?
eliminate the bacteria that cause the infection and inflammation associated with acne.
*topical or systemic -drugs concentrate on skin
What are examples of Retinoids (Vitamin A derivatives)
Tretinoin - topical
Isotretinoin (Accutane) - Systemic
What is the general action of Muscle Relaxants?
Enhance levels of inhibition, usually via CNS (GABA-mediated)
What are the 3 different categories of Muscle relaxants?
Antispasmotics
Non-Depolarizing Neuromuscular Blockers
Depolarizing Neuromuscular Blockers
What are examples of Antispasmotics?
Diazepam
Baclofen (Gaba B agonist)
Dantrolene (alters Ca++ trafficking)
Carisoprodol (Soma) - muscle relaxant/sedative; may have some dependence problems.
What are examples of Non-Depolarizing Neuromuscular Blockers?
D-tubocurarine - Blocks ganglionic nicotinic receptor
Acetylcholinerase inhibitors - overwhelming blockade
with increased ACh.
What are examples of Depolarizing Neuromuscular Blockers?
Succinylcholine - Blocks ganglionic nicotinic receptors by desensitizing
- fast acting, get initial twitching before paralysis
- acetylcholinesterase inhibitor does not reverse
What are the Antiviral groups used to treat things like sShingles and Herpes?
Viral thymidine kinase-dependent types
Non thymidine kinase dependent antivirals
Topicals for cold sores/recurrent HSV
What are examples of Viral thymidine kinase-dependent types?
Acyclovir - Mainly Herpes, not really VZV
Famciclovir - good for VZV and HSV, Longer lasting
What is and example of a Non thymidine kinase dependent antiviral?
Foscarnet - Less of a resistant problem
What are examples of topicals for HSV?
Denavir Cream (Penicyclovir) Zorax (Acyclovir)
