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Human Disease and Therapeutics > 3rd Midterm Study Guide: Pharmacology for Skin, Acne, Muscle Relaxants, and Infections > Flashcards

3rd Midterm Study Guide: Pharmacology for Skin, Acne, Muscle Relaxants, and Infections Flashcards

1
Q

Chronic inflammation can lead to what?

A 
Cancers
Pulmonary Diseases
Cardiovascular Diseases
Diabetes
Alzheimer's
Oral Diseases (Perio)
Neurological Disease
Arthritis
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2
Q

What are the 3 drug types for Inflammation?

A

NSAIDS
Glucocorticoids
DMARDS

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3
Q

How do NSAIDS work?

A

COX 1 and COX 2 inhibitors

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4
Q

What are side effects of COX 1 NSAIDS?

A

Bleeding and Kidney problems

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5
Q

What are side effects of COX 2 NSAIDS?

A

MI and Stroke and hypertension

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6
Q

What are examples of Non-selective NSAIDS?

A

Aspirin
Ibuprofen
Naproxen

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7
Q

What is an example of a COX II NSAID?

A

Celecoxib

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8
Q

What is characteristic of Glucocorticoids?

A
  • Rapidly Acting

- Dramatic Effect on inflammation and slowing bone erosions in rheumatoid arthritis.

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9
Q

What are side effects of Glucocorticoids?

A
  • Loss of Muscle mass
  • Osteoporosis
  • Diabetogenesis
  • Peptic Ulcers
  • Round Face
  • Buffalo Hump
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10
Q

Examples of Glucocorticoids…

A

Cortisone and Prednisone - Short to Medium acting

Dexamethasone - Long acting

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11
Q

What is characteristic of Glucocorticoids?

A
  • Rapidly acting

- Dramatic effect on inflammation and slowing bone erosions in Rheumatoid Arthritis

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12
Q

What are examples of DMARDS?

A

Methotrexate

Sulfasalazine

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13
Q

How do DMARDS work?

A

Decrease inflammation and slow bone damage in rheumatoid arthritis.

*potentially more toxic than other options

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14
Q

What are side effects of DMARDS?

A

Severe Hepatotoxicity
Stomatitis
Immunosuppression

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15
Q

What are the three types of drugs to treat Acne Vulgaris?

A

Topical Keratolytics
Antibiotics
Retinoids (Vit A derivatives)

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16
Q

What is the action of Topical Keratolytics?

A

Removes the keratin layer and opens sebaceous glands

17
Q

What are examples of Topical Keratolytics?

A

Salicylic Acid

Benzoyl Peroxide

18
Q

What are examples of antibiotics used to tx acne vulgaris?

A

Erythromycin
Tetracycline
Clindamycin
Dapson

19
Q

What is the action of antibiotics to treat acne?

A

eliminate the bacteria that cause the infection and inflammation associated with acne.
*topical or systemic -drugs concentrate on skin

20
Q

What are examples of Retinoids (Vitamin A derivatives)

A

Tretinoin - topical

Isotretinoin (Accutane) - Systemic

21
Q

What is the general action of Muscle Relaxants?

A

Enhance levels of inhibition, usually via CNS (GABA-mediated)

22
Q

What are the 3 different categories of Muscle relaxants?

A

Antispasmotics
Non-Depolarizing Neuromuscular Blockers
Depolarizing Neuromuscular Blockers

23
Q

What are examples of Antispasmotics?

A

Diazepam
Baclofen (Gaba B agonist)
Dantrolene (alters Ca++ trafficking)
Carisoprodol (Soma) - muscle relaxant/sedative; may have some dependence problems.

24
Q

What are examples of Non-Depolarizing Neuromuscular Blockers?

A

D-tubocurarine - Blocks ganglionic nicotinic receptor
Acetylcholinerase inhibitors - overwhelming blockade
with increased ACh.

25
Q

What are examples of Depolarizing Neuromuscular Blockers?

A

Succinylcholine - Blocks ganglionic nicotinic receptors by desensitizing

  • fast acting, get initial twitching before paralysis
  • acetylcholinesterase inhibitor does not reverse
26
Q

What are the Antiviral groups used to treat things like sShingles and Herpes?

A

Viral thymidine kinase-dependent types
Non thymidine kinase dependent antivirals
Topicals for cold sores/recurrent HSV

27
Q

What are examples of Viral thymidine kinase-dependent types?

A

Acyclovir - Mainly Herpes, not really VZV

Famciclovir - good for VZV and HSV, Longer lasting

28
Q

What is and example of a Non thymidine kinase dependent antiviral?

A

Foscarnet - Less of a resistant problem

29
Q

What are examples of topicals for HSV?

A 
Denavir Cream (Penicyclovir)
Zorax (Acyclovir)

Human Disease and Therapeutics (24 decks)

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