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Rad Bio > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the forms of particulate radiation?

A

Alpha particles
Beta particles
Neutrons
Protons

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2
Q

Particulate radiation occurs when subatomic particles are ejected from atoms at _____ speeds (high/low)

A

High

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3
Q

No ionization occurs when subatomic particles are:

A

At rest

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4
Q

Alpha rays are emitted from the nucleus in the process of:

A

Radioactive decay

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5
Q

What makes up Alpha particles?

A

2 protons and 2 neutrons

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6
Q

What is the size of an Alpha particle compared to a regular Hydrogen atom?

A

Large mass - 4 times greater than Hydrogen atom

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7
Q

What is the charge of an Alpha particle?

A

Positive charge - twice that of an electron

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8
Q

Beta particles are identical to:

A

High-speed electrons

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9
Q

What is the size of a Beta particle compared to an Alpha particle?

A

8000 times lighter

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10
Q

What is the electrical charge of a Beta particle?

A

Negative (-1)

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11
Q

Types of radiation on EM spectrum (list low energy radiation to high energy radiation)

A

Radio waves
Microwaves
Infared
Visible light
UV rays
Xrays
Gamma rays

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12
Q

What is the EfD limits for the general public?

A

1 mSv for frequent exposures

5 mSv for infrequent exposures

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13
Q

What is the EfD limits for occupation workers

A

50 mSv annually

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14
Q

What is the EfD limit for individuals engaged in non-life-saving activities during an emergency?

A

50 mSv

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15
Q

What is the EfD limit for individuals engaged in life-saving emergencies?

A

250 mSv

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16
Q

How to determine the cumulative EfD for occupation workers?

A

10 mSv x age in years

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17
Q

How to determine collective EfD?

A

Avg EfD for an individual belonging to the exposed population x the number of persons exposed

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18
Q

What is LD 50/30 represent?

A

Radiation dose that can be letal to 50% of the exposed population within 30 days

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19
Q

What is the estimated LD 50/30 for adult humans?

A

3-4 Gy without medical support

20
Q

What is the most accurate lethal dose for humans?

A

LD 50/60

21
Q

Regardless of treatment, doses of ___ Gy are considered fatal

A

12 Gy

22
Q

What are organic compounds?

A

Proteins
Carbs
Lipids
Nucleic Acids

23
Q

What are inorganic compounds?

A

Water
Inorganic acids
Inorganic bases
Mineral salts (electrolytes)

24
Q

What are the building blocks of the cell?

A

Protein

25
Q

Protein makes up __% of the cell

A

15%

26
Q

Proteins are formed from:

A

Amino acids

27
Q

How many amino acids are required for humans?

A

22

28
Q

What happens during protein synthesis?

A

Chromosomes and genes organize amino acids to form structual and enzymatic proteins

29
Q

Enzymatic proteins (enzymes) function as a:

A

Organic catalyst

30
Q

What is the function of an organic catalyst?

A

Affects the rate of chemical reactions

31
Q

Antibodies are protein molecules created by:

A

B lymphocytes

32
Q

What type of tissue is highly radiosensitive?

A

Epithelial

33
Q

What type of tissue is highly radioinsensitive?

A

Muscle and nervous

34
Q

Radiosensitive cells

A

Basal cells of skin
Blood cells
Intestinal cyst cells
Reproductive cells

35
Q

States that each cell has a master molecule that directs all cellular activities and if inactivated, results in cell dealth

A

Target theory

36
Q

Cell radiosensitivity is described by:

A

Law of Bergonie and Tribondeau

37
Q

Cells are the most radiosensitive when they are:

A

Nonspecialized and rapidly dividing

38
Q

Are full oxygenated cells more or less sensitive to radiation?

A

More

39
Q

The most radiosensitive cells in the body are:

A

Lymphocytes

40
Q

What is DNA composed of?

A

2 sugar phosphate chains that are linked together by nitrogenous bases

41
Q

What are the nitrogenous base pairs in DNA?

A

Adenine - Thymine
Cytosine - Guanine

42
Q

How are the nitrogenous base pairs different in RNA compared to DNA?

A

Thymine in DNA is replaced by Uracil in RNA

43
Q

Effective atomic number of soft tissue

A

7.4

44
Q

Effective atomic number of bone

A

13.6

45
Q

The degree to which the diagnostic study accurately reveals the presense or absense of disease

A

Diagnostic efficacy

46
Q
A

Rad Bio (14 decks)

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