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Rad Bio > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

When are monitoring personnel devices required

A

Whenever radiation workers are likely to risk receiving 10% or more of the annual occupational EfD limit in any single year as a consequence of their work-related activities

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2
Q

What is the annual occupational EfD limit

A

50 mSv

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3
Q

Most health care facilities issue dosimetry devices when personnel could receive appox __% of their annual occupational EfD limit in any month

A

1% or .5mSv

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4
Q

Personnel dosimeter determines occupational exposure by:

A

Detecting and measuring the quantitiy of ionization that the dosimeter has been exposed to

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5
Q

Placement of primary dosimeter

A

Front of the body at collar level

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6
Q

Placement of primary dosimeter when a protective apron is used

A

Outside the apron at the collar level

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7
Q

Placement of dosimeter as a second monitor

A

Beneath the apron at waist level

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8
Q

Placement of dosimeter as a monitor for the embyro-fetus

A

Abdominal level beneath the apron

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9
Q

What type of dosimeter is used when performing radiographic procedures require the hands to be near the primary x-ray beam

A

Thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD)

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10
Q

What is the most common type of dosimeter used for monitoring of occupational exposure in diagnostic imaging

A

OSL

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11
Q

What does OSL stand for

A

Optically Stimulated Luminescence Dosimeter

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12
Q

What is the OSL detector made of

A

Aluminum oxide

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13
Q

How is an OSL read out

A

By using laser light at selected frequencies

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14
Q

How long can an OSL be worn without a reading

A

1 year

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15
Q

What are the 3 different filters that are incorporated into the detector packet of the OSL dosimeter

A

Aluminium
Tin
Copper

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16
Q

What filter in the OSL dosimeter attenuates the least? Most?

A

Least - Aluminium
Most - Copper

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17
Q

In OSL dosimeters, ______ -energy radiation would demonstrate a similar reading through all 3 filters

A

High-energy

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18
Q

If an OSL dosimeter is subject to low-energy radiation, the laser readout would be much more pronounced in the region covered by the _______ filter

A

Aluminum

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19
Q

In OSL dosimeters, the varied energy ranges are classified as:

A

Deep - 1cm or more
Eye - .03cm
Shallow - .01cm or less

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20
Q

OSLs lowest and highest possible readings for xray

A

10uSv to 10 sV

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21
Q

Purpose of a control monitor

A

Used for a basis for comparison with the OSL dosimeters after they have been returned to the processing company

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22
Q

Advantages of the OSL

A

Lightweight
Durable (not affected by heat, moisture or pressure)
Easily worn

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23
Q

Disadvantages of OSL

A

Only records radiation exposure in the body where the device is attached

Exposure cannot be determined on the day of occurance

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24
Q

What information is recored on the peronnel monitoring report

A

Personal data
Type of dosimeter
Radiaition quality
EqD data (deep, eye, and shallow)
Cumulative EqD doses
Inception date

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25
Q

Ring dosimeters are most often worn by:

A

Nuc med techs

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26
Q

Where are ring dosimeters worn

A

Under gloves

27
Q

What is the sensing material in TLDs

A

Lithium flouride

28
Q

What happens in a TLD when irradiated

A

Electons in the lithium flouride molecule absorb energy and are excited to higher energy levels

29
Q

What happens in a TLD when passed through a special heating process for reading purposes

A

Trapped electrons rise above their present location into the conduction band

Then, the electrons return to their normal state with the emission of energy in the form of visible light

30
Q

What records the amount of light emitted by the crystals in a TLD

A

TLD analyzer

31
Q

What is the plot that represents the exposure received by a TLD ring dosimeter

A

Glow curve

32
Q

Advantages of TLD ring dosimeter

A

Accurate and reliable
Small and lightweight
Can be worn up to 3 months
Reusable

33
Q

Disadvantages of TLD ring dosimeter

A

Readings will be lost if not carefully recorded

Cannot be used as a permanent legal record

34
Q

The DIS dosimeter is a small ionization gas filled dosimeter connected to a _______________ device

A

Solid state

35
Q

In DIS dosimeters, when radiation ionizes the gas in the chamber, the cumulative electric charge is stored in the

A

EEPROM

36
Q

The DIS dosimeter is read out through a

A

USB or wireless

37
Q

Advantages of DIS dosimeters

A

Instant access to data
Lightweight
Durable

38
Q

Disadvantages of DIS dosimeters

A

Dosimeter must be regularly used

39
Q

Most common type of radiation survey instruments

A

Geiger-Muller tube

40
Q

How do survey instruments respond when coming in contact with ionizing radiation

A

The charged particles ionize the gas (air) in the detector

41
Q

What do radiation survey instruments measure

A

Total quantity of electrical charge resulting from the ionization of that gas or the rate at which the electric charge is produced

42
Q

Types of gas-filled radiation dectectors serving as field instruments

A

Ionization chamber (cutie pie)
Proportional counter
GM survey

43
Q

Requirements for radiation survey instruments

A
  1. Portable
  2. Durable
  3. Reliable
  4. Interacts with ionizing radiation similar to how tissue reacts
  5. Detects all common types of ionizing radiation
  6. Energy of radiation should not significantly affect the response of the detector
  7. Cost effective
  8. Calibrated annually
44
Q

What instruments measure exposure and exposure rate

A

Cutie pie and proportional counter

45
Q

What instrument measured only exposure rate

A

GM meter

46
Q

The cutie pie measures what type of radiation

A

X-rays
Gamma rays
Beta radiation

47
Q

What ionization detector has the ability to measure a wide range of radiation exposures within a few seconds

A

Cutie pie

48
Q

Disadvantages of the cuite pie

A

Delicate detector
Needs proper warm up time
Cannot be used for typical diagnostic procedures because the exposure times are too short

49
Q

What type of ionizing radiation is a proportional counter used for

A

Alpha and beta radiation

50
Q

What is the primary portable radiation survey instrument for monitoring nuclear medicine facilities

A

GM Survey meter

51
Q

Components of GM Survey Meter

A

Audible sould system that alerts the operator of ionizing radiation

Metal encloses the ionization chamber

52
Q

Disadvantages of GM Survey Meter

A

Can provide erroneous readings

Likely to saturate or jam when it is placed in a pulsed high-intensity radiation area

53
Q

What is used to measure the radiation output from both radiographic and fluoroscopic xray equipment

A

Ionization chambers

54
Q

What must be calibrated periodically to meet state and federal requirements for patient evaluation dose

A

Ionization chamber and electrometer system

55
Q

Who uses ionization chambers connected to electrometers to perform standards measurements for radiographic and fluoroscopic devices

A

Medical physicists

56
Q

What type of monitoring device gives accurate readings as low as 10uSv for xray and gamma rays with energies ranging from 5keV to 40MeV

A

OSL

56
Q

What type of monitoring device has color-coding, graphic formats, and body location icons

A

OSL

57
Q

What monitoring device destroys stored information during readout process

A

TLD

58
Q

What monitoring device is not cost effective for large number of personnel

A

Pocket ionization chamber

59
Q

What monitoring device must be calibrated to zero or its initial reading must be recorded each day

A

Pocket ionization chamber

60
Q

What type of monitoring device has an immediate readout

A

Pocket ionization chamber

61
Q

What type of monitoring device offers complete reanalysis

A

OSL

62
Q

What type of monitoring devices are not affected by heat, moisture, or pressure

A

OSL/TDL

63
Q

What type of monitoring device provides instant access to reports

A

Personnel digital ionization dosimeter

Rad Bio (14 decks)

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