Chapter 1 Flashcards
Year x-rays were discovered
1895
Radiation that produces positively and negatively charged particles (ions) when passing through matter
Ionizing radiation
Any radiation exposure that does not benefit a person in terms of diagnostic information obtained for the clinical management of medical needs
Unnecessary radiation
Effective protective meaures to take into consideration to protect from unnecessary radiation
Human and environmental physical determinants
Technical elements
Procedural factors
Damange to living tissue of animals and humans exposed to radiation
Biological effects
The degree to which the diagnostic study accurately reveals the presence or absence of disease in the patient
Diagnostic efficacy
Who accepts basic responsibility for protecting the patient from radiation exposure that is not useful
Referring physician
Share in keeping the patient’s medical radiation exposure at the lowest possible level
Radiographer and participating radiologist
What is synonymous with ALARA
ORP - optimization for radiation protection
The probability of injury, ailment, or death resulting from activity
Risk (general terms)
The possibility of inducing a radiogenic cancer or genetic defect after irradiation
Risk (medical industry)
A method that can be used to improve understanding and reduce fear and anxiety for the patient
BERT (background equivalent radiation time)
Appox annual US population exposure
3 mSv
What campaign addresses concerns about the increase in general public exposure to ionizing radiation
Image Wisely Campaign
Consequences of ionization in human cells
- Unstable atoms
- Free electrons
- Free radicles that are capable of producing poisonous substances
- New biologic molecules detrimental to the living cell
- Injury to the cell
How deep can x-rays penetrate
5cm or greater
3 radiation quantities
Exposure
Absorbed Dose
Effective Dose
How is exposure measured?
Coulomb/kg
The amount of ionization in the air
Exposure
Responsible for the execution, enforcement, and maintenance of the ALARA program
Radiation safety officer
Advantages of using BERT
- Does not imply radiation risk
- Emphasizes radiation is in the environment
- Easy to understand
What organization increases awareness among nonradiology uses of potentially high radiation from CT in peds
Alliance for Radiation Safety in Pediatric Imaging
Provides rad techs with a full understanding of safe operations of fluoro with pediatric patients
Pause and Pulse
Based on large scale surveys of actual measurement of x-ray machines in hospitals
Reference values
Can lead to reduction in dose for the patient
Standardized Dose Reporting
Effective measures employed by radiation workers to safeguard patients, personnel, and the general public from unnecessary exposure to ionizing radiation
Radiation Protection
Ongoing responsibility of diagnostic imaging professionals to ensure radiation safety during all medical radiation procedures
Effective radiation protection
Perception that the potential benefit to be obtained is greater than the risk involved
Willingness to accept risk
