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Rad Bio > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Biological damage sustained by living organisms as a consequence of exposure to ionizing radiation

A

Somatic Effects

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2
Q

Deterministic somatic effects were formerly called:

A

Nonstochastic somatic effects

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3
Q

Consequences of early somatic effects are:

A

Cell killing

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4
Q

Early somatic effects are _______ related to the dose received

A

Directly

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5
Q

Are early somatic effects threshold or nonthreshold?

A

Threshold - there is a point at which they begin to appear

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6
Q

2 types of late radiation effects

A

Deterministic somatic
Stochastic

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7
Q

Late radiation effects are consequences of

A

High level radiation expsorure or low doses over a long interval of time

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8
Q

Appears within minutes, hours, day, or weeks of the time of radiation expsorue

A

Early deterministic somatic effects

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9
Q

What are early deterministic somatic effects

A

Nausea
Fatigue
Erythema
Epilation
Blood disorders
Intestinal disorders
Fever
Dry and moist desquamation
Depressed sperm count
Temporary or permanent sterility in male or female
Injury to the central nervous system

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10
Q

What is the whole-body dose that can result in early deterministic effects

A

6 Gyt

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11
Q

When does ARS occur

A

Occurs after whole-body reception of large doses of ionizing radiation delivered over a short period of time

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12
Q

Data from studies of population exposed to doses of ionizing radiation sufficient to cause ARS have been obtained from

A

Atomtic bomb survivors of Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Marshall islanders - atomic bomb test in 1954

Accident victims from Chernobyl

Radiation therapy patients

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13
Q

What are 3 dose-related syndromes of ARS

A

Hematopoietic (bone marrow)
Gastrointestinal
Cerebrovascular

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14
Q

When does Hematopoietic syndome occur

A

From 1-10 Gyt

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15
Q

When does Gastrointestinal syndrome occur

A

Appears at 6 Gyt and peaks after 10 Gyt

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16
Q

When does cerebrovascular sydrome occur

A

50 Gyt or more

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17
Q

Stages of ARS

A

Prodromal
Latent
Manifest illness
Death or Recovery

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18
Q

Average survival time of hematopoietic syndrome

A

6-8 weeks

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19
Q

Symptoms of hematopoietic sydrome

A

Decrease in number of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets

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20
Q

Symptoms of gastrointestinal syndrome

A

Loss of appetite, anemia, leukopenia, hemorrhage, infection, electrolytic inbalance and emaciation

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21
Q

Survival time of cerebrovascular syndrome

A

Several hours - 2 to 3 days

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22
Q

Symptoms of cerebrovascular sydrome

A

Excessive nervousness, confusion, lack of coordination, loss of vision, burning sensation of the skin, loss of consciouness, disorientation, shock, meningitis, respitory distress, coma

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23
Q

Location of Chernobyl power plant accident

A

Soviet Union

24
Q

Date of Chernobyl power plant accident

25
Whole-body doses of ionizing radiation received from Chernobyl power plant accient
6 Gyt
26
What is LD 50/30
Whole body dose of radiation that can be lethal to 50% of the exposed population within 30 days
27
The LD 50/30 for adult humans is
3-4 Gy
28
In the repair of sublethal damage, which cells have a better prospect for recovery and why
Oxygentated cells - receive more nutrients
29
Appox ___% of radiation damage is irreparable
10%
30
A ________ response in biologic tissue can occur when any part of the body receives a high radiation dose
Destructive
31
Significant cell death from substantial exposure leads to _______ of organs and tissues
Atrophy
32
Organ and tissue response to radiation exposure depends on
Radiosensitivity Reproductive characteristics Growth Rate
33
Three layers of the skin
Epidermis (outer) Dermis (middle) Hypodermis (subcutaneous)
34
Accessory structures of the skin
Hair follicles Sensory receptors Sebaceous glands Sweat glands
35
What is epilation
Loss of hair
36
Ionizing radiation treats skin dieseases such as
Ringworm
37
Dose that can depress that male sperm population or cause a genetic mutation in future generations
.1 Gy
38
Gonadal dose that may delay or suppress menstration
.1 Gy
39
Gonadal dose that will cause temporary sterility
2 Gyt
40
Gonadal dose that will cause permanent sterility
5 Gyt
41
What is the whole body dose that produces a hematologist depression?
.25 Gyt
42
What does the hematopoietic system consist of
Bone marrow Circulating blood Lympoid organs
43
Cells of the hematopoietic system develop from a single precursor cell called the
Pluripotential stem cell
44
Pluripotential stem cells are the primary cells of:
Lymphocytes Neutrophils Granulocytes Thrombocytes (platelets) Erythrocytes
45
The study of cell genetics with emphasis on cell chromosomes
Cytogenesis
46
A cytogenetic analysis of chromosomes may be accompished through the use of a chromosome map called a :
Karyotype
47
__________ is the phase of cell division in which chromosome damage caused by radiation exposure can be evaluated
Metaphase
48
Somatic and Genetic Damage Factors
Quantity of ionizing radiation Ability of ionizing radiation to cause ionization of human tissue Amount of body area exposed Specific body parts exposed
49
What does somatic mean?
Body (all non reproductive cells)
50
Type of curve the represents deterministic somatic effects
Nonlinear threshold
51
How does an increase in dose effect stochastic effects
Increases probability but not severity
52
Average survival time of gastrointestinal syndrome
3-10 days
53
Effects of ionizing radiation on the skin
Radiodermititis Desquamation
54
Which part of the gastrointestinal tract is most severely affected by radiation
Small intestine
55
The total radiation dose given to a somatic or genetic cell and the period of time in which that does was delivered determine the rate of production of
Cell aberrations
56
A Boston dentist who became the first advocate of radiation protection
William Herbert Rollins

Rad Bio (14 decks)

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