Final Exam Flashcards
Psychology refers to the ________.
study of mind and behavior
Which of the following refers to a broad explanation or group of explanations for some aspect of the natural world that is consistently supported by evidence over time?
Scientific theory
The empirical method of study is based on ________.
observation
Introspection refers to a process by which someone examines
________ as objectively as possible.
her own conscious experience
According to William James, the purpose of psychology was to ________.
study the function of behavior
What is Abraham Maslow best known for?
Proposing a hierarchy of human needs in motivating behavior
Functionalist psychologists focus on the function of behavior and ________.
the operation of the whole mind rather than the individual parts
A series of dots arranged in the shape of a face will be perceived as a face, not a series of dots. A psychologist studying this phenomenon is applying the principles of ________
Gestalt psychology
The cognitive revolution created an impetus for psychologists to focus their attention on better understanding _______
the mind and mental processes that underlie behavior
Which kind of psychological area does the work of Jean Piaget exemplify?
Developmental psychology
Susan wants to study prejudice, attraction, how we explain our own behavior versus how we explain the behavior of others, and how we resolve interpersonal conflicts. Susan should conduct research in the area of ________.
social psychology
When studying personality traits, someone who is calm, even-tempered, and secure will score low on the ________ trait.
neuroticism
Which of the following is not involved in critical thinking?
Knowing your opinion is correct
What do structuralism, Gestalt psychology, and Sigmund Freud all have in common?
They were all concerned with describing and understanding the inner experience.
According to Sigmund Freud, all of the following represent ways to access the unconscious mind except through ________.
the use of reinforcement and punishment
According to the biopsychosocial model, what determines health?
Interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors
Which of the following is a criticism of evolutionary psychology?
It ignores non-genetic factors in determining human behavior.
Which correlation coefficient best represents a moderate relationship showing fewer anxiety symptoms in people who report higher life satisfaction?
-0.5
In a _____ study, both the researchers and the participants are
unaware of the group assignments
double-blind
Which of the following is not a characteristic of a good hypothesis?
It is complex
_______, an anthropologist, contributed to our understanding of
chimpanzee behavior in the wild, using naturalistic observation.
Jane Goodall
______ research uses past records or data sets to investigate
research questions or to look for patterns or relationships.
archival research
A(n) ________ is a variable that affects both variables of interest
and may falsely give the impression of a cause-and-effect relationship.
confounding variable
A(n) ________ is a description of how the researchers will measure
the variables of interest.
Operational definition