Chapter 14 Flashcards
Who defined stress as, “the response of the body to any demand, whether it is caused by, or results in, pleasant or unpleasant conditions”?
Hans Selye
A demanding or threatening event is often called a(n) ________.
stressor
Which type of appraisal involves judgment about the degree of potential harm or threat to well-being that a stressor might entail?
Primary
A stressor is likely to be appraised as a threat when someone _______.
anticipates that it could lead to some kind of harm, loss, or other negative consequence
_______ is the kind of stress associated with positive feelings, as well as optimal health and performance.
eustress
________ is the kind of stress that exceeds the optimal level, is no longer a positive force, and becomes excessive and debilitating.
distress
Which kind of psychology seeks to identify and promote those qualities that lead to happy, fulfilled, and contented lives?
Positive psychology
Optimism is a tendency toward a(n) ________.
positive outlook and positive expectations
________ is stress-reduction technique whereby electronic equipment measuring a person’s involuntary (neuromuscular and autonomic) activity helps him gain a level of voluntary control over these processes.
biofeedback
The concept of perceived control refers to ________.
beliefs about the capacity to influence and shape outcomes in our lives
Which term refers to mental or behavioral efforts used to manage problems relating to stress, including the cause and the unpleasant feelings and emotions it produces?
Coping
The relaxation response technique is a stress reduction technique that combines elements of relaxation and ________.
meditation
Guidance, encouragement, acceptance, emotional comfort, and tangible assistance are all examples of ________.
social support
Which of the following is an example of a stimulus-based definition of stress?
A. Grace experiences stress when she sees the coyote, but Mary thinks the coyote is a dog so she does not experience stress.
B. Laura experiences stress because her heart rate increased when she noticed the spider.
C. Caroline experiences stress because she is home alone and hears unusual noises outside.
D. Carrie experiences stress because she notices her car is almost out of gas and worries about being stranded on the highway, but then she feels better when she sees a gas station nearby.
C. Caroline experiences stress because she is home alone and hears unusual noises outside.
Which of the following is a good example of a response-based definition of stress?
A. Tony experiences stress when he sees the storm warning, but Pepper is not bothered by thunderstorms so she does not experience stress.
B. Robin experiences stress because he notices his boat is damaged and worries about taking on water, but then he feels better when he sees a Coast Guard ship nearby.
C. Clark experiences stress because his friend plans to shoplift some candy.
D. Bruce experiences stress because his heart rate increased when he noticed Jack had a knife.
D. Bruce experiences stress because his heart rate increased when he noticed Jack had a knife.
Which of the following is an example of a primary appraisal of a stressor?
A. Mekhi weighs his options on dealing with the bully who is harassing him.
B. Sophia decides to get a divorce because her husband is cheating on her.
C. Humphrey judges the man with the gun to be a moderate threat.
D. Ava decides to quit her job because her employer is so unpleasant.
C. Humphrey judges the man with the gun to be a moderate threat.
Which of the following is an example of a secondary appraisal of a stressor?
A. Victoria believes paragliding is a frightening activity.
B. Mahmoud experiences an intense and irrational fear of dogs.
C. Jensen decides the risk of being caught shoplifting is very low, and the risk of being caught during an armed robbery is very high.
D. Berkley believes she can end an argument with her wife by apologizing or buying her wife a gift. She decides apologizing is more effective.
D. Berkley believes she can end an argument with her wife by apologizing or buying her wife a gift. She decides apologizing is more effective.
People who reach the ________ level of stress feel burned out; they are fatigued, exhausted, and their performance begins to decline.
distress
Noticing that you have difficulty concentrating during and after periods of prolonged stress exemplifies how stress can have a negative ________ impact.
cognitive
Which of the following is an example of the alarm reaction stage of the general adaptation syndrome?
A. William sleepwalks when he eats too much candy before bed.
B. Sheila almost drowned, but she was able to keep her head out of the water and focus on swimming to shore.
C. A burst of energy enables Hassan to run fast when he sees a skunk in his path.
D. Bill collapses by the side of the road after the marathon.
C. A burst of energy enables Hassan to run fast when he sees a skunk in his path.
Which of the following is an example of the resistance stage of the general adaptation syndrome?
A. It is time for Fallon’s nap, but he cannot fall asleep.
B. Diamond begs her mother for a puppy even after she is told she can’t have one.
C. Patrice can’t stop talking even after her teacher asks her to remain silent.
D. Tyrique almost falls out of the tree, but he grabs a branch, and now that the danger of falling has passed, he focuses his energy and attention on getting down from the tree safely.
D. Tyrique almost falls out of the tree, but he grabs a branch, and now that the danger of falling has passed, he focuses his energy and attention on getting down from the tree safely.
Which of the following is an example of the exhaustion stage of the general adaptation syndrome?
A. Latricia has been lost in the woods for days. After such a long period of anxiety and fear, Latricia collapses by a tree.
B. Betty steps down as class treasurer her senior year because she needs to focus on her grades.
C. Nanette stays up all night to study for her math test.
D. Burt is determined to learn how to play chess, so he spends all his time reading chess books.
A. Latricia has been lost in the woods for days. After such a long period of anxiety and fear, Latricia collapses by a tree.
Rush hour traffic, lost keys, obnoxious coworkers, and inclement weather are all examples of a(n) ________.
daily hassle
Taylor is a social worker. He is overworked, his caseload is overwhelming, and he no longer believes that what he does on a day-to-day basis has any real impact or improves anyone’s life. Taylor is probably suffering from ________.
job burnout
