Chapter 14 Flashcards
Who defined stress as, “the response of the body to any demand, whether it is caused by, or results in, pleasant or unpleasant conditions”?
Hans Selye
A demanding or threatening event is often called a(n) ________.
stressor
Which type of appraisal involves judgment about the degree of potential harm or threat to well-being that a stressor might entail?
Primary
A stressor is likely to be appraised as a threat when someone _______.
anticipates that it could lead to some kind of harm, loss, or other negative consequence
_______ is the kind of stress associated with positive feelings, as well as optimal health and performance.
eustress
________ is the kind of stress that exceeds the optimal level, is no longer a positive force, and becomes excessive and debilitating.
distress
Which kind of psychology seeks to identify and promote those qualities that lead to happy, fulfilled, and contented lives?
Positive psychology
Optimism is a tendency toward a(n) ________.
positive outlook and positive expectations
________ is stress-reduction technique whereby electronic equipment measuring a person’s involuntary (neuromuscular and autonomic) activity helps him gain a level of voluntary control over these processes.
biofeedback
The concept of perceived control refers to ________.
beliefs about the capacity to influence and shape outcomes in our lives
Which term refers to mental or behavioral efforts used to manage problems relating to stress, including the cause and the unpleasant feelings and emotions it produces?
Coping
The relaxation response technique is a stress reduction technique that combines elements of relaxation and ________.
meditation
Guidance, encouragement, acceptance, emotional comfort, and tangible assistance are all examples of ________.
social support
Which of the following is an example of a stimulus-based definition of stress?
A. Grace experiences stress when she sees the coyote, but Mary thinks the coyote is a dog so she does not experience stress.
B. Laura experiences stress because her heart rate increased when she noticed the spider.
C. Caroline experiences stress because she is home alone and hears unusual noises outside.
D. Carrie experiences stress because she notices her car is almost out of gas and worries about being stranded on the highway, but then she feels better when she sees a gas station nearby.
C. Caroline experiences stress because she is home alone and hears unusual noises outside.
Which of the following is a good example of a response-based definition of stress?
A. Tony experiences stress when he sees the storm warning, but Pepper is not bothered by thunderstorms so she does not experience stress.
B. Robin experiences stress because he notices his boat is damaged and worries about taking on water, but then he feels better when he sees a Coast Guard ship nearby.
C. Clark experiences stress because his friend plans to shoplift some candy.
D. Bruce experiences stress because his heart rate increased when he noticed Jack had a knife.
D. Bruce experiences stress because his heart rate increased when he noticed Jack had a knife.
Which of the following is an example of a primary appraisal of a stressor?
A. Mekhi weighs his options on dealing with the bully who is harassing him.
B. Sophia decides to get a divorce because her husband is cheating on her.
C. Humphrey judges the man with the gun to be a moderate threat.
D. Ava decides to quit her job because her employer is so unpleasant.
C. Humphrey judges the man with the gun to be a moderate threat.
