Chapter 2

Question 1

A(n) ________ is a well-developed set of ideas that proposes an
explanation for observed phenomena.

Answer 1

theory

Question 2

Which correlation coefficient best represents a moderate relationship showing fewer anxiety symptoms in people who report higher life satisfaction?

Answer 2

-0.5

Question 3

In a _____ study, both the researchers and the participants are
unaware of the group assignments

Answer 3

double-blind

Question 4

Which of the following would be difficult to assess using empirical Research?

Answer 4

whether the id, ego, or superego is most responsible for emotional reactions.

Question 5

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a good hypothesis?

Answer 5

It is complex

Question 6

________ is a reduction in the number of research participants as
some drop out of the study over time.

Answer 6

attrition

Question 7

Dr. Mattar is interested in knowing more about brain injury to the occipital cortex, and he studies patients individually in order to gain in-depth knowledge about their behaviors. These studies would best be
described as ________.

Answer 7

Case studies

Question 8

_______, an anthropologist, contributed to our understanding of
chimpanzee behavior in the wild, using naturalistic observation.

Answer 8

Jane Goodall

Question 9

________ assesses the consistency of observations by different Observers.

Answer 9

inter-rater reliability

Question 10

________ research studies the same groups of participants over
Time.

Answer 10

longitudinal

Question 11

______ research uses past records or data sets to investigate
research questions or to look for patterns or relationships.

Answer 11

archival research

Question 12

Which of the following research designs will allow cause-and-effect Conclusions?

Answer 12

experimental

Question 13

_______ means that there is a relationship between two or more
Variables.

Answer 13

correlation

Question 14

The possible range for a correlation coefficient is ________.

Answer 14

-1 to +1

Question 15

A negative correlation means ________.

Answer 15

two variables change in different directions, with one becoming larger as the other becomes smaller; not same as no correlation

Question 16

Which of the following represents a strong negative correlation?

Answer 16

-0.9

Question 17

A ________ is a graphical view of the strength and direction of a correlation.

Answer 17

scatterplot

Question 18

A(n) ________ is a variable that affects both variables of interest
and may falsely give the impression of a cause-and-effect relationship.

Answer 18

confounding variable

Question 19

The ________ group does not get the experimental treatment.

Answer 19

control

Question 20

A(n) ________ is a description of how the researchers will measure
the variables of interest.

Answer 20

Operational definition

Question 21

Simply expecting something to happen can make it happen. This
describes ________.

Answer 21

placebo effect

Question 22

The ________ is controlled by the experimenter.

Answer 22

independent variable

Question 23

Harrison et al. are conducting a study assessing the ability of depressed versus non-depressed participants to remember negative emotions in a short story about a family whose car breaks down. They plan to ask participants to read the story and then make a list of the emotions expressed in the story. Before beginning the study, they make a list of negative emotions (e.g., sadness and anger) that they will record from the participants’ responses. In this example, negative emotions are the ______.

Answer 23

dependent variable

Question 24

A sample that ________ is most likely to yield generalizable Results.

Answer 24

is large and randomly selected

Question 25

A(n) ________ is conducted in order to determine whether there are
meaningful differences between two groups in a study.

Answer 25

statistical analysis

Question 26

Peer reviewers ________.

Answer 26

help ensure quality control in reporting scientific findings

Question 27

________ refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result.

Answer 27

reliability

Question 28

________ refers to the ability of an instrument or tool to accurately measure what it is supposed to measure.

Answer 28

validity

Question 29

________ is the tendency to ignore evidence that disproves ideas or beliefs.

Answer 29

confirmation bias

Question 30

Ethics need to be considered when ________ scientific research.

Answer 30

designing, conducting, and reviewing

Question 31

________ are the most commonly used species for animal research.

Answer 31

rodents

Question 32

An upper-level psychology class is conducting an experiment on racial prejudice that involves having participants rate the likeability of faces in a set of photos. However, they tell participants that the study is about the effects of aging on likeability. When participants are finished, they are thanked for their time and leave the experiment.
In this example, the class forgot to ________ in order to resolve the ________ in the study.

Answer 32

debrief participants, deception

Question 33

The Tuskegee Syphilis Study was ethically problematic because
________.

Answer 33

participants were not allowed to seek available treatment

Question 34

________ are subjects of psychological research.

Answer 34

participants

Question 35

The ________ variable measures effects of the independent variable.

Answer 35

dependent

Question 36

A major advantage of case studies is ________

Answer 36

detailed information

Question 37

________ is/are often conducted with large numbers of participants
and can even be conducted by phone, email, or mail.

Answer 37

surveys

Question 38

A(n) _____ case study is conducted by gathering detailed
information about participants who are psychological patients.

Answer 38

clinical

Question 39

The only way to establish a cause-and-effect relationship between
two variables is to conduct a(n) _______.

Answer 39

experiment

Question 40

The scientific process is ________, involving both inductive and
deductive reasoning.

Answer 40

circular