Chapter 15

Question 1

A psychological disorder is a______

Answer 1

condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

Question 2

Etiology is another word for_______

Answer 2

causes

Question 3

Who identified psychological disorders as a harmful dysfunction?

Answer 3

Jerome C. Wakefield

Question 4

What is comorbidity?

Answer 4

Co-occurrence of two disorders

Question 5

The ________ model suggests that people with a predisposition for a disorder are more likely to develop the disorder when faced with adverse environmental or psychological events.

Answer 5

diathesis-stress

Question 6

________ disorders are characterized by excessive, persistent fear and apprehension and by related disturbances in behavior.

Answer 6

anxiety

Question 7

A panic disorder is a type of ________disorder characterized by panic attacks, along with at least one month of worry about panic attacks or self-defeating behavior related to the attacks.

Answer 7

anxiety

Question 8

Which childhood disorder is characterized by deficits in social interaction and communication and repetitive patterns of behavior or interests?

Answer 8

Autism spectrum disorder

Question 9

People with ________ disorders experience thoughts and urges that are intrusive and unwanted and/or the need to engage in repetitive behaviors or mental acts.

Answer 9

obsessive-compulsive

Question 10

Which brain region is believed to play a critical role in OCD?

Answer 10

Orbitofrontal cortex

Question 11

Which of the following defines antisocial personality disorder?

A. instability in interpersonal relationship and, self-image, and mood

B. lack of regard for others’ rights, impulsivity, deceitfulness, irresponsibility, and lack of remorse over misdeeds

C. pervasive need for perfectionism that interferes with the ability to complete tasks

D. overinflated and unjustified sense of self-importance

Answer 11

B. lack of regard for others’ rights, impulsivity, deceitfulness, irresponsibility, and lack of remorse over misdeeds

Question 12

________ involves thoughts of death by suicide, thinking about or planning suicide, or making a suicide attempt.

Answer 12

suicidal ideation

Question 13

Which psychological disorder is characterized by major disturbances in thought, perception, and behavior?

Answer 13

schizophrenia

Question 14

________ delusions involve the (false) belief that other people or agencies are plotting to harm the person.

Answer 14

paranoid

Question 15

What kind of symptoms involves reflecting noticeable decreases and absences in certain behaviors, emotions, or drives?

Answer 15

Negative

Question 16

Donna exhibits two separate personalities, each well-defined and distinct from one another, so Dr. Paulson diagnosed Donna with ________ disorder.

Answer 16

dissociative identity

Question 17

Piper is diagnosed with agoraphobia because she experiences intense fear and anxiety of ________.

Answer 17

being outside the home alone

Question 18

________are mental or behavioral acts that reduce anxiety in social situations, such as wearing bland, neutral clothes to avoid drawing attention to oneself.

Answer 18

Safety behaviors

Question 19

Mae notices that her daughter, Natalie, is extremely preoccupied with the freckles on her nose. Mae can barely see the freckles, but Natalie spends hours in front of the mirror and recently declared that her nose is deformed and she is ugly. She spent her entire weekend applying products to eliminate the freckles, and she recently announced her plans to save money for plastic surgery. Mae believes her daughter
may have a ________ disorder.

Answer 19

body dysmorphic

Question 20

Dr. Griffiths diagnosed Manuel with major depressive disorder because he ________.

Answer 20

appears tearful to others and spends weeks at a time feeling sad, empty, and hopeless

Question 21

Identify the obsession in the following sentence. “Keisha is overly concerned about germs, so she spends hours wiping the surfaces of her home and washing her hands.”

Answer 21

Concern over germs

Question 22

Cordelia, an active-duty marine, served in Afghanistan. While she was on patrol with her friend, an IED went off, killing her friend and injuring her. In the two months since her friend died, Cordelia has been jumpy, and irritable, avoids talking about her friend, and once every few days experiences a flashback to the explosion. Cordelia is experiencing a ________ disorder.

Answer 22

posttraumatic stress

Question 23

Which of the following is an example of flight of ideas?

A. Gilbert speaks in a monotone voice.

B. Gilbert attempts suicide, then calls 9-1-1.

C. Gilbert exhibits an abundance of energy during his debate session.

D. Gilbert talks loudly and quickly, switching topics rapidly

Answer 23

D. Gilbert talks loudly and quickly, switching topics rapidly

Question 24

Janice is in the middle of a distinct period of an abnormally and persistently elevated mood. In the last week she has cleaned her house from top to bottom (breaking windows and dishes in the process), bought a new car that she can’t afford, and dug up most of her yard in case she might want a garden next year. Janice is experiencing ________.

Answer 24

mania

Question 25

Which of the following is an example of a diathesis-stress model?

A. Ozzie’s doctor does not believe that mental illness has a biological basis.

B. Ozzie has a genetic predisposition towards depression, but he did not experience depression until his mother and father died.

C. Ozzie treats his manic episodes by using medication to induce depression.

D. Ozzie treats his depression by exposing himself to a series of stressors so he can learn coping skills.

Answer 25

B. Ozzie has a genetic predisposition towards depression, but he did not experience depression until his mother and father died.

Question 26

Diondre harbors the belief that spider eggs have been implanted underneath his fingernails. What kind of delusion is this?

Answer 26

Somatic

Question 27

If Laura has bipolar disorder, then she ________.

Answer 27

often experiences mood states that vacillates between depression and mania

Question 28

Which of the following is an example of avolition?
A. Lack of interest in going out with your friend
B. Inability to enjoy fine dining
C. Refusing to speak
D. Lack of motivation to bathe yourself

Answer 28

D. Lack of motivation to bathe yourself

Question 29

Which of the following exemplifies a symptom of histrionicpersonality disorder?

A. Phoebe feels helpless when she is alone, and she can’t make decisions on her own.

B. Phoebe often displays an overinflated and unjustified sense of self-importance.

C. Phoebe is impulsive, unpredictable, and sometimes engages in self-mutilation.

D. Phoebe feels uncomfortable when she is not the center of attention, and she has alienated friends by demanding excessive amounts of their attention.

Answer 29

D. Phoebe feels uncomfortable when she is not the center of attention, and she has alienated friends by demanding excessive amounts of their attention.

Question 30

From an early age, Kwaku got into trouble constantly. He continually violates the rights of others and he often lies, fights, and has problems with the law. Generally, he is impulsive and fails to think ahead. He is frequently deceitful and manipulative in order to get the things he wants, and he never regrets his misdeeds or considers
the feelings of those he has harmed. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Kwaku’s personality?

A. obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

B. dependent personality disorder

C. paranoid personality disorder

D. antisocial personality disorder

Answer 30

D. antisocial personality disorder

Question 31

Which of the following exemplifies a symptom of paranoid personality disorder?

A. Rafe believes that his dreams are prophetic.

B. Rafe is extremely suspicious of the people around him and mistrusts them
for no identifiable reason.

C. Rafe is convinced his life has meaning beyond himself.

D. Rafe believes he is entitled to special treatment from those around him.

Answer 31

B. Rafe is extremely suspicious of the people around him and mistrusts them
for no identifiable reason.

Question 32

Egon can’t pay attention in class. He is easily distracted, won’t sit still, and displays poor impulse control. The school counselor suggested that his parents take him to a doctor to have him assessed for ________.

Answer 32

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Question 33

Jeff is an unforgiving perfectionist who would rather deliver work a week late than turn in a project with even minor mistakes. In fact, he spends so much time working that he never has time for anything else. Jeff is known to be rigid, inflexible, and stubborn, and he never compromises. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Jeff’s personality?

A. obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

B. histrionic personality disorder

C. narcissistic personality disorder

D. schizoid personality disorder

Answer 33

A. obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

Question 34

Which of the following is true about neurodevelopmental disorders?

A. Neurodevelopmental disorders are not diagnosed in males

B. All neurodevelopmental disorders are diagnosed in middle-aged patients.

C. All neurodevelopmental disorders are disorders of the elderly.

D. All neurodevelopmental disorders are diagnosed in early childhood.

Answer 34

D. All neurodevelopmental disorders are diagnosed in early childhood.

Question 35

Which of the following is a common characteristic of all anxiety disorders?

A. Inability to control the body’s reaction to fear

B. Excessive, persistent fear and anxiety

C. Sporadic, intense panic attacks

D. Above average number of phobias.

Answer 35

B. Excessive, persistent fear and anxiety

Question 36

Which of the following statements is true about obsessive-compulsive disorder?

A. It is most often diagnosed during adolescence.

B. It involves intrusive, unpleasant thoughts and repetitive behaviors.

C. Men are more often diagnosed than women.

D. It involves persistent, unfocused anxiety.

Answer 36

B. It involves intrusive, unpleasant thoughts and repetitive behaviors.

Question 36

Which of the following factors does not strongly predict the development of posttraumatic stress disorder?

A. Experiencing trauma in isolation

B. Trauma experience

C. Greater trauma severity

D. Lack of immediate social support

Answer 36

A. Experiencing trauma in isolation

Question 37

Which of the following is a common characteristic of all dissociative disorders?

A. becoming split off, or dissociated, from one’s core sense of self

B. rapidly fluctuating mood

C. feeling sad and hopeless over a long period of time

D. memory loss

Answer 37

A. becoming split off, or dissociated, from one’s core sense of self

Question 38

The ________ perspective suggests that psychological disorders result largely from faulty physical processes, and the ________perspective emphasizes the importance of factors such as stress and thoughts as well as environmental factors in the development of psychological disorders.

Answer 38

biological, psychological

Question 39

What do obsessive-compulsive disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, and hoarding disorder have in common?

Answer 39

Repetitive thoughts and urges, as well as an uncontrollable need to engage in repetitive behavior and mental acts.