Chapter 15 Flashcards
A psychological disorder is a______
condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
Etiology is another word for_______
causes
Who identified psychological disorders as a harmful dysfunction?
Jerome C. Wakefield
What is comorbidity?
Co-occurrence of two disorders
The ________ model suggests that people with a predisposition for a disorder are more likely to develop the disorder when faced with adverse environmental or psychological events.
diathesis-stress
________ disorders are characterized by excessive, persistent fear and apprehension and by related disturbances in behavior.
anxiety
A panic disorder is a type of ________disorder characterized by panic attacks, along with at least one month of worry about panic attacks or self-defeating behavior related to the attacks.
anxiety
Which childhood disorder is characterized by deficits in social interaction and communication and repetitive patterns of behavior or interests?
Autism spectrum disorder
People with ________ disorders experience thoughts and urges that are intrusive and unwanted and/or the need to engage in repetitive behaviors or mental acts.
obsessive-compulsive
Which brain region is believed to play a critical role in OCD?
Orbitofrontal cortex
Which of the following defines antisocial personality disorder?
A. instability in interpersonal relationship and, self-image, and mood
B. lack of regard for others’ rights, impulsivity, deceitfulness, irresponsibility, and lack of remorse over misdeeds
C. pervasive need for perfectionism that interferes with the ability to complete tasks
D. overinflated and unjustified sense of self-importance
B. lack of regard for others’ rights, impulsivity, deceitfulness, irresponsibility, and lack of remorse over misdeeds
________ involves thoughts of death by suicide, thinking about or planning suicide, or making a suicide attempt.
suicidal ideation
Which psychological disorder is characterized by major disturbances in thought, perception, and behavior?
schizophrenia
________ delusions involve the (false) belief that other people or agencies are plotting to harm the person.
paranoid
What kind of symptoms involves reflecting noticeable decreases and absences in certain behaviors, emotions, or drives?
Negative
Donna exhibits two separate personalities, each well-defined and distinct from one another, so Dr. Paulson diagnosed Donna with ________ disorder.
dissociative identity
Piper is diagnosed with agoraphobia because she experiences intense fear and anxiety of ________.
being outside the home alone
________are mental or behavioral acts that reduce anxiety in social situations, such as wearing bland, neutral clothes to avoid drawing attention to oneself.
Safety behaviors
Mae notices that her daughter, Natalie, is extremely preoccupied with the freckles on her nose. Mae can barely see the freckles, but Natalie spends hours in front of the mirror and recently declared that her nose is deformed and she is ugly. She spent her entire weekend applying products to eliminate the freckles, and she recently announced her plans to save money for plastic surgery. Mae believes her daughter
may have a ________ disorder.
body dysmorphic
Dr. Griffiths diagnosed Manuel with major depressive disorder because he ________.
appears tearful to others and spends weeks at a time feeling sad, empty, and hopeless
Identify the obsession in the following sentence. “Keisha is overly concerned about germs, so she spends hours wiping the surfaces of her home and washing her hands.”
Concern over germs
Cordelia, an active-duty marine, served in Afghanistan. While she was on patrol with her friend, an IED went off, killing her friend and injuring her. In the two months since her friend died, Cordelia has been jumpy, and irritable, avoids talking about her friend, and once every few days experiences a flashback to the explosion. Cordelia is experiencing a ________ disorder.
posttraumatic stress
Which of the following is an example of flight of ideas?
A. Gilbert speaks in a monotone voice.
B. Gilbert attempts suicide, then calls 9-1-1.
C. Gilbert exhibits an abundance of energy during his debate session.
D. Gilbert talks loudly and quickly, switching topics rapidly
D. Gilbert talks loudly and quickly, switching topics rapidly
Janice is in the middle of a distinct period of an abnormally and persistently elevated mood. In the last week she has cleaned her house from top to bottom (breaking windows and dishes in the process), bought a new car that she can’t afford, and dug up most of her yard in case she might want a garden next year. Janice is experiencing ________.
mania
Which of the following is an example of a diathesis-stress model?
A. Ozzie’s doctor does not believe that mental illness has a biological basis.
B. Ozzie has a genetic predisposition towards depression, but he did not experience depression until his mother and father died.
C. Ozzie treats his manic episodes by using medication to induce depression.
D. Ozzie treats his depression by exposing himself to a series of stressors so he can learn coping skills.
B. Ozzie has a genetic predisposition towards depression, but he did not experience depression until his mother and father died.
Diondre harbors the belief that spider eggs have been implanted underneath his fingernails. What kind of delusion is this?
Somatic
If Laura has bipolar disorder, then she ________.
often experiences mood states that vacillates between depression and mania
Which of the following is an example of avolition?
A. Lack of interest in going out with your friend
B. Inability to enjoy fine dining
C. Refusing to speak
D. Lack of motivation to bathe yourself
D. Lack of motivation to bathe yourself
Which of the following exemplifies a symptom of histrionicpersonality disorder?
A. Phoebe feels helpless when she is alone, and she can’t make decisions on her own.
B. Phoebe often displays an overinflated and unjustified sense of self-importance.
C. Phoebe is impulsive, unpredictable, and sometimes engages in self-mutilation.
D. Phoebe feels uncomfortable when she is not the center of attention, and she has alienated friends by demanding excessive amounts of their attention.
D. Phoebe feels uncomfortable when she is not the center of attention, and she has alienated friends by demanding excessive amounts of their attention.
From an early age, Kwaku got into trouble constantly. He continually violates the rights of others and he often lies, fights, and has problems with the law. Generally, he is impulsive and fails to think ahead. He is frequently deceitful and manipulative in order to get the things he wants, and he never regrets his misdeeds or considers
the feelings of those he has harmed. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Kwaku’s personality?
A. obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
B. dependent personality disorder
C. paranoid personality disorder
D. antisocial personality disorder
D. antisocial personality disorder
Which of the following exemplifies a symptom of paranoid personality disorder?
A. Rafe believes that his dreams are prophetic.
B. Rafe is extremely suspicious of the people around him and mistrusts them
for no identifiable reason.
C. Rafe is convinced his life has meaning beyond himself.
D. Rafe believes he is entitled to special treatment from those around him.
B. Rafe is extremely suspicious of the people around him and mistrusts them
for no identifiable reason.
Egon can’t pay attention in class. He is easily distracted, won’t sit still, and displays poor impulse control. The school counselor suggested that his parents take him to a doctor to have him assessed for ________.
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Jeff is an unforgiving perfectionist who would rather deliver work a week late than turn in a project with even minor mistakes. In fact, he spends so much time working that he never has time for anything else. Jeff is known to be rigid, inflexible, and stubborn, and he never compromises. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Jeff’s personality?
A. obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
B. histrionic personality disorder
C. narcissistic personality disorder
D. schizoid personality disorder
A. obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
Which of the following is true about neurodevelopmental disorders?
A. Neurodevelopmental disorders are not diagnosed in males
B. All neurodevelopmental disorders are diagnosed in middle-aged patients.
C. All neurodevelopmental disorders are disorders of the elderly.
D. All neurodevelopmental disorders are diagnosed in early childhood.
D. All neurodevelopmental disorders are diagnosed in early childhood.
Which of the following is a common characteristic of all anxiety disorders?
A. Inability to control the body’s reaction to fear
B. Excessive, persistent fear and anxiety
C. Sporadic, intense panic attacks
D. Above average number of phobias.
B. Excessive, persistent fear and anxiety
Which of the following statements is true about obsessive-compulsive disorder?
A. It is most often diagnosed during adolescence.
B. It involves intrusive, unpleasant thoughts and repetitive behaviors.
C. Men are more often diagnosed than women.
D. It involves persistent, unfocused anxiety.
B. It involves intrusive, unpleasant thoughts and repetitive behaviors.
Which of the following factors does not strongly predict the development of posttraumatic stress disorder?
A. Experiencing trauma in isolation
B. Trauma experience
C. Greater trauma severity
D. Lack of immediate social support
A. Experiencing trauma in isolation
Which of the following is a common characteristic of all dissociative disorders?
A. becoming split off, or dissociated, from one’s core sense of self
B. rapidly fluctuating mood
C. feeling sad and hopeless over a long period of time
D. memory loss
A. becoming split off, or dissociated, from one’s core sense of self
The ________ perspective suggests that psychological disorders result largely from faulty physical processes, and the ________perspective emphasizes the importance of factors such as stress and thoughts as well as environmental factors in the development of psychological disorders.
biological, psychological
What do obsessive-compulsive disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, and hoarding disorder have in common?
Repetitive thoughts and urges, as well as an uncontrollable need to engage in repetitive behavior and mental acts.
