Chapter 11 Flashcards
Who developed the first comprehensive theory of personality?
Sigmund Freud
The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) is a projective test ________.
in which people are presented with ambiguous images
The concept of ________ suggests that people choose to move to places that are compatible with their personalities and needs.
selective migration
________ theorists attempt to explain our personality by identifying our stable characteristics and ways of behaving.
trait
Who believed that our personality traits are influenced by our genetic inheritance?
Hans and Sybil Eysenck
________ describes a proportion of difference among people that is attributed to genetics.
Heritability
The ________ personality is anxious, self-conscious, artistic, thoughtful, quiet, and private.
ectomorph
Who developed social-cognitive theory?
Albert Bandura
Self-efficacy is ________.
our level of confidence in our own abilities
Because we have developed certain response tendencies, ________ believed that we demonstrate consistent behavior patterns.
B.F. Skinner
Who proposed the locus of control concept?
Julian Rotter
An archetype is a ________.
pattern that exists in our collective unconscious across cultures and societies
Who suggested that men have womb envy because they cannot give birth?
Karen Horney
Carl Jung referred to the ________ as the mask we adopt.
persona
A(an) ________ complex refers to the feeling that one lacks worth and doesn’t measure up to the standards of others or of society.
inferiority
In Hippocrates theory of personality, what bodily humor was associated with choleric temperament?
Yellow bile from the liver
The traits openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism are key components of the ________.
Five Factor Model
Sigmund Freud suggested that people who are dominated by their ________ might be narcissistic and impulsive.
id
The ________ uses images and storytelling that relate to Hispanic culture.
TEMAS Multicultural Thematic Apperception Test
According to Galen, the ________ person is passionate, ambitious, and bold.
choleric
After Mike does not get the job he interviewed for, he moves back in with his parents and spends his days playing video games. Which defense mechanism does this exemplify?
Regression
The ________ is composed of a series of true and false questions in order to establish an individual’s clinical profile.
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
If parents are too lenient in the _______ stage, the child might become messy, careless, disorganized, and prone to emotional outbursts.
anal
The ________ Inkblot Test employs a series of symmetrical inkblot cards that are presented to a client by a psychologist in an effort to reveal the person’s unconscious desires, fears, and struggles.
Rorschach
In the ________ stage, there is a sexual reawakening as the incestuous urges resurface. The young person redirects these urges to other, more socially acceptable partners (who often resemble the other- sex parent).
genital
Immanuel Kant used the terms persistent, steadfast, and calm to describe a ________ person.
phlegmatic
Hans and Sybil Eysenck viewed people as having two specific personality dimensions: ________.
Extroversion/introversion; neuroticism/stability
Many cultures have stories about a hero who goes on a quest, such as Hercules, King Arthur, and Gilgamesh. What would Carl Jung say this exemplified?
Archetype
When Marcos is unhappy, he is mean to other children; he calls them names and behaves aggressively toward them. He often manipulates his peers into doing what he wants. What coping strategy is Marcos using?
Moving against people
In Albert Bandura’s social-cognitive theory, behavior refers to ________.
anything an individual does that can be punished or rewarded
Tammy has a positive view of challenges: She views them as tasks to be mastered. She develops a deep interest in and a strong commitment to becoming a good teacher. When she doesn’t pass her first teaching praxis, she quickly recovers and works to overcome the setback. Albert Bandura would say Tammy has ________.
high self-efficacy
Jessica believes that she succeeds in high school because she works hard, earned a place on the basketball team because she practices constantly, and cooks well because she takes cooking classes. Julian Rotter would say that Jessica has ________.
an internal locus of control
Kim believed he failed his math class because the test was too hard, passed his psychology class because the professor passed every student in the class, and didn’t get the internship because the manager didn’t like him. Julian Rotter would say that Kim has ________.
an external locus of control
As the “third force” in psychology, ________ is touted as a reaction both to the pessimistic determinism of psychoanalysis and to the behaviorists’ view of humans passively reacting to the environment.
humanism
What is the main difference between Sigmund Freud and the neo-Freudians?
Neo-Freudians reduced the emphasis on sex.
Which of the following clearly influenced Sigmund Freud’s theory of development?
A. government censorship
B. first wave feminism
C. widespread anti-Semitism
D. climate of sexual repression
D. Climate of sexual repression
Which of the following was one of Alfred Adler’s main contributions to personality theory?
A. the theory that our personality develops in psychosocial stages
B. the idea that men have womb envy
C. advocating for analytical psychology
D. suggesting that our birth order shapes our personality
D. Suggesting that our birth order shapes our personality
Karen Horney described three coping styles when dealing with anxiety. Which of the following is not one of them?
A. moving away from people
B. moving toward people
C. moving with people
D. moving against people
C. Moving with people
What was the primary finding of the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart?
Identical twins, whether raised together or apart, have very similar personalities
How are the principles of reciprocal determinism present in observational learning?
Personal factors determine which behaviors in the environment a person chooses to imitate.
Which question was central to the marshmallow test?
Would you be able to resist getting a small reward now in order to get a larger reward later?
