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OPENSTAX Psychology > Chapter 12 > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Flashcards

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1
Q

The field of social psychology studies topics at the intrapersonal level. These topics include ________.

A

prejudice and discrimination, helping behavior, aggression, and group processes

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2
Q

Behavior is a product of both the situation and the person. Which of the following is an example of a situation that might influence behavior?
A. Being raised Jewish
B. Being raised to think that stealing is morally wrong
C. Hitting someone in the dark
D. Being in a crowd of bystanders when you witness someone fainting

A

D. Being in a crowd of bystanders when you witness someone fainting

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3
Q

________ holds that our behavior is determined by internal factors.

A

Dispositionism

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4
Q

Social psychology is a field that studies both interpersonal and
intrapersonal behavior. Which of the following is an example of
interpersonal behavior?
A. Social cognition
B. Emotions
C. Group processes
D. Attitudes

A

C. Group processes

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5
Q

Following an outcome, ________ are those attributions that enable us to see ourselves in a favorable light.

A

self-serving bias

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6
Q

What is groupthink?

A

modification of the opinions of members of a group to align with what they believe is the group consensus

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7
Q

Which of the following best defines the Asch effect?
A. influence of one person on a large group
B. influence of one person on the creation of a group goal
C. influence of the group minority on individual judgment
D. influence of the group majority on an individual’s judgment

A

D. influence of the group majority on an individual’s judgment

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8
Q

When it comes to social psychology, a script is a ________.

A

person’s knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific setting

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9
Q

What is modification of the opinions of members of a group to align with what they believe is the group consensus?

A

Groupthink

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10
Q

What is a social role?

A

socially defined pattern of behavior that is expected of a person in a given setting or group

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11
Q

A(n) ________ is the evaluation of or feelings toward a person, idea, or object that are typically positive or negative.

A

attitude

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12
Q

The ________ hypothesis is the ideology common in the United States that people get the outcomes they deserve.

A

just-world

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13
Q

The ________ effect focuses on the influence of the group majority on an individual’s judgment.

A

Asch

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14
Q

Which type of persuasion involves encouraging a person to agree to a small favor or to buy a small item, only to later request a larger favor or purchase of a larger item?

A

foot-in-the-door

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15
Q

Which type of persuasion involves logic-driven arguments using data and facts to convince people of an argument’s worthiness?

A

Central route

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16
Q

Who was Stanley Milgram?

A

Social psychology professor at Yale who wanted to test the defense of “I was just following orders” typically used by accused Nazis

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17
Q

Which statement about groupthink is correct?

A. Group members modify their opinions to match what they believe is the group consensus.

B. Group members will never agree if there is a minority influence present.

C. Group members modify their opinion to go against what they believe is the group consensus.

D. Group members will use brainstorming to discover the solution that most group members agree on.

A

A. Group members modify their opinions to match what they believe is the group consensus.

18
Q

What is the main point of the Stanford prison experiment?

A

social roles are powerful determinants of human behavior

19
Q

Which statement about Sternberg’s triangular theory of love is most accurate?

A. There are three components of love: intimacy, passion, and commitment.

B. There are three components of love: romance, fatuous, and infatuation.

C. There are five types of love that can be described from the three components of love.

D. There are three types of love that can be described from the three components of love.

A

A. There are three components of love: intimacy, passion, and commitment.

20
Q

What is the main point of the textbook discussion of Milgram’s obedience study?

A

Individuals will obey authority to the point of potentially causing serious harm to another person.

21
Q

Based on the discussion in your text, which of the following strategies would effectively reduce prejudice between groups?

A. keeping intergroup contact to a minimum

B. assigning one group to supervise the other group in completing an assigned task

C. having highly educated members of one group teach the children of the other group

D. having groups meet under equal terms and cooperate on a task

A

D. having groups meet under equal terms and cooperate on a task

22
Q

Which of the following strategies would effectively reduce racism?

A. teaching children to conform to social expectations that discourage racism in public but ignore racism as long as it is privately expressed

B. teaching children to think independently and challenge social norms that promote racism

C. teaching children to avoid situations that might lead them to witness racism

D. teaching children to ignore racism until we have eliminated racism from our society

A

B. teaching children to think independently and challenge social norms that promote racism

23
Q

When it comes to relationships, we expect to share thoughts, feelings, and ideas in a mutual exchange called ________.

A

reciprocity

24
Q

Diane and Bruce share their intimate thoughts and emotions and are physically attracted to each other, but their love does not contain any expectations beyond that. Their love is called ________.

A

romantic

25
Q

Roger and Joan have passion in their relationship, and they agree they will support each other. But when it comes to sharing their thoughts, they lack intimacy. Their love is called ________.

A

fatuous

26
Q

Which example best exemplifies homophily?

A. John is a delusional man obsessed with a future apocalypse. He has no money, does not go to church, and steals to support himself. Sarah is a waitress living in a small apartment and attending college classes. They begin to date.

B. Latara and Vaughn are the same race and attend the same church. They met in their psychology class, a subject they both major in. They begin to date.

C. Georgia, a young White woman, is a math major. She met John, a Black man, on the way to her class, but he doesn’t attend her college. He was dropping his son off at a campus art show. They begin to date.

D. Maude is 80 years old and meets Harold, a 17-year-old, at a funeral. They share common interests, but their religious and class backgrounds are very different. They begin to date.

A

B. Latara and Vaughn are the same race and attend the same church. They met in their psychology class, a subject they both major in. They begin to date.

27
Q

Which of the following best exemplifies prosocial behavior?

A. Avery forgets to call his grandmother on Mother’s Day.

B. Tyler visits his aunt once a week to bring her groceries.

C. Jason is blackmailed by Brianna.

D. Mateo’s mother provides child support to Mateo’s father because of a court order.

A

B. Tyler visits his aunt once a week to bring her groceries.

28
Q

The ________ is demonstrated by the attack on Kitty Genovese.

A

bystander effect

29
Q

According to the frustration aggression theory, which of the following is likely to occur when Simon gets frustrated with his toilet training?

A. Simon retreats to a corner and mopes

B. Simon bites his mother

C. Simon goes to sleep

D. Simon’s mother gets frustrated with Simon

A

D. Simon bites his mother

30
Q

Fatima generalizes that all men are irresponsible players, cheaters, and liars. When it comes to men, Fatima may be applying ________: negative beliefs about individuals based solely on their membership in a group.

A

stereotypes

31
Q

Billie is a(n) ________ because he believes people over age 65 should have their driver’s license suspended, the elderly use up important social resources, and they occupy jobs that should belong to younger, more capable people.

A

ageist

32
Q

In California, undocumented migrants are often blamed for high unemployment in the state, although statistics show that high unemployment is not related to the number of illegal migrants. In this example, illegal migrants are victims of ________: the act of blaming an out-group when the in-group experiences frustration or is blocked from obtaining a goal.

A

Confirmation bias

33
Q

Which of the following is an example of the self-fulfilling
prophecy?

A. telling people you hate boy bands, then taking your child to a boy band fan club meeting

B. telling blue-eyed people they are unattractive, then feeling bad and complimenting people with blue eyes to avoid feeling guilty

C. telling someone with dyslexia she cannot learn to read, leading her to become illiterate even though she could learn to read with a bit of extra effort

D. telling your spouse you hate his cooking, then taking over the cooking yourself to avoid food poisoning

A

C. telling someone with dyslexia she cannot learn to read, leading her to become illiterate even though she could learn to read with a bit of extra effort

34
Q

The Milgram experiment required the participation of a(n) ________ to play the part of the person being shocked because the experiment would be invalidated if the participant realized the electric shock treatment was faked.

A

confederate

35
Q

Which of the following is the best example of central route persuasion?

A. supporting your sister who has decided to go cold turkey in order to quit smoking

B. anti-smoking advertisements that rely on celebrity spokespeople advocating for reduction in cigarette use

C. encouraging your parents to quit smoking by switching to chewing tobacco, then convincing them to chew less tobacco each week

D. anti-smoking advertisements that use charts and graphs to show how many people die from smoking-related causes each year

A

D. anti-smoking advertisements that use charts and graphs to show how many people die from smoking-related causes each year

36
Q

Which of the following is the best example of the foot-in-the-door technique of persuasion?

A. getting your parents to agree to cut their smoking down by a few cigarettes, then asking them to quit altogether

B. anti-smoking advertisements that use charts and graphs to show how many people die from smoking-related causes each year

C. anti-smoking advertisements that rely on celebrity spokespeople advocating for reduction in cigarette use

D. supporting your sister who has decided to go cold turkey in order to quit smoking

A

A. getting your parents to agree to cut their smoking down by a few cigarettes, then asking them to quit altogether

37
Q

Which of the following is the best example of peripheral route persuasion?

A. anti-smoking advertisements that rely on celebrity spokespeople advocating for reduction in cigarette use

B. supporting your sister who has decided to go cold turkey in order to quit smoking

C. anti-smoking advertisements that use charts and graphs to show how many people die from smoking-related causes each year

D. encouraging your parents to quit smoking by switching to chewing tobacco, then convincing them to chew less tobacco each week

A

A. anti-smoking advertisements that rely on celebrity spokespeople advocating
for reduction in cigarette use

38
Q

Don knows that drinking too much liquor is a costly habit that is bad for his health, but he continues to drink large amounts of liquor. He also thinks he is a smart person that makes good choices. Don feels some psychological discomfort from this contradiction, which is also called ________.

A

cognitive dissonance

39
Q

Penny gets an acting job on Friday that she attributes to her good acting. She doesn’t get the next acting job; therefore, she blames the casting director for not wanting to hire a woman. This is an example of ________.

A

self-serving bias

40
Q

Which of the following is an example of actor-observer bias?

A. Akbar avoids gambling, but he observes Barnaby gambling and tries to stop him.

B. Akbar believes he is unable to stop gambling because his friends all gamble and are a bad influence, yet Tim is unable to stop gambling because he is addicted to gambling.

C. Akbar believes gambling is bad, but he continues to gamble anyway.

D. Akbar believes he is unable to stop gambling because he has an addictive personality, yet Tim is unable to stop gambling because he is addicted to gambling.

A

B. Akbar believes he is unable to stop gambling because his friends all gamble and are a bad influence, yet Tim is unable to stop gambling because he is addicted to gambling.

OPENSTAX Psychology (15 decks)

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