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OPENSTAX Psychology > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

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1
Q

From a psychological perspective, the term cognition means ________.

A

thinking

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2
Q

________ are categories or groupings of linguistic information, images, ideas, or memories, such as life experiences.

A

concepts

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3
Q

A(an) ________ is a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts.

A

schema

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4
Q

_______ encompasses the processes associated with perception, knowledge, problem solving, judgment, language, and memory.

A

Cognition

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5
Q

A(an) ________ schema is also known as a cognitive script.

A

event

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6
Q

Which term refers to the vocabulary of a language?

A

Lexicon

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7
Q

A ________ is the smallest unit of language that conveys some type of meaning.

A

morpheme

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8
Q

Which term refers to the process by which we derive meaning from morphemes and words?

A

semantics

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9
Q

Which concept is a type of mental set where you cannot perceive an object being used for something other than what it was designed for?

A

Functional fixedness

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10
Q

What is confirmation bias?

A

Tendency to focus information that confirms your existing beliefs

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11
Q

______ intelligence is marked by inventing or imagining a solution to a problem or situation.

A

creative

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12
Q

The analytical intelligence component of the triarchic theory of intelligence is demonstrated by the ability to ________.

A

analyze, evaluate,
judge, compare, and contrast

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13
Q

Who developed the triarchic theory of intelligence?

A

Robert Sternberg

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14
Q

Scientists who study cognition are searching for ways to understand how we ______, organize, and utilize our conscious cognitive experiences without being aware of all of the unconscious work that our brains are doing.

A

integrate

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15
Q

Sensations and information are received by our brains, filtered through emotions and memories, and processed to become ________.

A

thoughts

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16
Q

Natural concepts are mental groupings created naturally through our ________.

A

experiences

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17
Q

Knowing what a rainbow looks like because you have seen a rainbow is an example of a ________ concept.

A

natural

18
Q

Which researchers suggested that language determines thought?

A

Edward Sapir & Benjamin Lee Whorf

19
Q

An anchoring bias occurs when you focus on ________.

A

one piece of information versus all of the information

20
Q

Niaz’s car breaks down, and he is convinced that it was a
predictable event even though there was no way of knowing it would happen. This exemplifies ________.

A

hindsight bias

21
Q

Navigating your way home through an unfamiliar route due to road construction would draw upon your ________ intelligence.

A

fluid

22
Q

Tasks that require you to compare, contrast, or evaluate are using the ________ intelligence component of the triarchic theory of intelligence.

A

Analytical

23
Q

Emily is an adult with a 4th-grade skill level in reading, writing, and math. Her doctor suggests there is no reason she can’t find a job and live independently. Which subtype of intellectual disability describes Emily?

A

Mild

24
Q

Reth is known for his ability and interest in writing. He won an award for his short story, “A Bear in the Woods,” and was named Young Poet of the Year at his high school. He is currently working on a book titled, When Harry Potter Attacks. This exemplifies ________ intelligence.

A

Linguistic

25
Q

Mel is an adult who can take care of his basic needs, but he requires oversight while he paints and someone to check on his living conditions daily. Which subtype of intellectual disability describes Mel?

A

Severe

26
Q

Which of the following is key to generating a bell curve?
A. sample size
B. norming
C. population size
D. Flynn effect

A

Sample size

27
Q

Which of the following is an example of an abstract, complex concept?
A. dog breeds
B. patriotism
C. categories of psychology
D. types of cars

A

Patriotism

28
Q

Why are event schemata difficult to change? They are ________.

A

automatic

29
Q

Jake is sympathetic and considerate of his friends’ moods. He really identifies with their feelings and readily understands their point of view. He is well-known around campus, and he has great relationships with his classmates and professors. Which area of intelligence does this exemplify?

A

Interpersonal

30
Q

In Howard Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences Theory, ________ intelligence and ________ intelligence are often combined into a single type: emotional intelligence.

A

interpersonal ; intrapersonal

31
Q

What is the Flynn effect?

A

The observation that each generation has a significantly higher IQ than the previous generation.

32
Q

Schemata are a(an) ________.

A

method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently

33
Q

What impact did Genie’s early isolation have on her ability to
acquire language? She never developed a(an) ________.

A

mastery of the grammatical aspects of language

34
Q

What do the concepts of representational bias, anchoring bias, and hindsight bias all have in common?

A

All of the concepts are examples of mental set

35
Q

Which of the following is Not one of the four indices of the
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children?
A. perceptual reasoning
B. working memory
C. processing memory
D. verbal comprehension

A

Processing memory

36
Q

Which of the following is not one of the four subtypes of
intellectual disability?
a. mild
b. profound
c. modest
d. Severe

A

c. modest

37
Q

Children who live in poverty perform worse on intelligence tests because they_______

A

experience more pervasive daily stress, which affects how the brain functions and develops, thus causing a dip in IQ scores

38
Q

What did the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart suggest about intelligence? The findings from this study ____

A

revealed a genetic component to intelligence

39
Q

What was the most controversial claim in Arthur Jensen’s article, “How Much Can We Boost I.Q. and Achievement?”

A

Level II intelligence is most prevalent among Asians,
followed by Caucasians, then African Americans.

40
Q

Anywhere between 30–70% of individuals with diagnosed cases of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) also have some sort of ________.

A

learning disability

OPENSTAX Psychology (15 decks)

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