Final Cut Pro X Ripple Lesson 10 - Applying Equalization - SOUND

Question 1

Lesson 10: Applying Equalization
EQ, otherwise known as equalization, can often seem a mystery to video editors. EQ’s are the most common form of ______ __________

Answer 1

SIGNAL PROCESSING

Question 2

Lesson 10: Applying Equalization 2
EQ, otherwise known as equalization, can often seem a mystery to video editors. EQ’s are the most common form of signal processing - so common in fact, that they are found on all analog and digital ______.

Answer 2

MIXERS

Question 3

Lesson 10: Applying Equalization 3
EQ, otherwise known as equalization, can often seem a mystery to video editors. EQ’s are the most common form of signal processing - so common in fact, that they are found on all analog and digital mixers. So what are some of the main uses for an EQ? Well for one, they can improve the intelligibility of the voices in a ______ track.

Answer 3

DIALOG

Question 4

Lesson 10: Applying Equalization
EQ, otherwise known as equalization, can often seem a mystery to video editors. EQ’s are the most common form of signal processing - so common in fact, that they are found on all analog and digital mixers. So what are some of the main uses for an EQ? Well for one, they can improve the intelligibility of the voices in a dialog track.
They’re useful for removing specific kinds of noises, they keep different sounds from competing with one another in the mix, and musically, EQ’s can make instruments sound better. Some or all of these are the main concern of any sound editor and understanding how to apply an EQ can have a dramatic affect on your finished ___________.

Answer 4

SOUNDTRACKS

Question 5

The Purpose of an EQ
The main purpose of an EQ is to raise or lower the volume of specific _________ _____ without affecting other frequencies.

Answer 5

FREQUENCY BANDS

Question 6

The Purpose of an EQ
The main purpose of an EQ is to raise or lower the volume of specific frequency bands without affecting other frequencies. Frequencies fall into 3 basic categories, ____, ________, and ____ (also called treble).

Answer 6

BASS, MIDRANGE, HIGH

Question 7

The Purpose of an EQ
The main purpose of an EQ is to raise or lower the volume of specific frequency bands without affecting other frequencies. Frequencies fall into 3 basic categories, Bass, Midrange and High (also called treble). Let’ s move to this last clip of the woman speaking on the phone, then press _______ ______ _ to reveal the audio component.

Answer 7

CONTROL OPTION S

Question 8

The Purpose of an EQ
The main purpose of an EQ is to raise or lower the volume of specific frequency bands without affecting other frequencies. Frequencies fall into 3 basic categories, Bass, Midrange and High (also called treble). Let’ s move to this last clip of the woman speaking on the phone, then press Control-Option-S to reveal the audio component.
Before adding an EQ, you need to decide if you want any _____ ____________ applied such as background noise removal or loudness. This is important because the order of signal processing dictates that enhancement operations are applied after any effects are applied to the selected clip or component.
When applying effects such as EQ’s, noise gates, compressors and the like, it’s always best to apply them without any other signal processing applied so you can accurately judge the effectiveness of your adjustments.
In the Enhancements pane, make sure both Background noise removal and Loudness is turned off. To apply an EQ, you’ll need to return to the main inspector pane. In the Audio Enhancements section, you’ll see a section labeled equalization.

Answer 8

AUDIO ENHANCEMENTS

Question 9

The Purpose of an EQ
The main purpose of an EQ is to raise or lower the volume of specific frequency bands without affecting other frequencies. Frequencies fall into 3 basic categories, Bass, Midrange and High (also called treble). Let’ s move to this last clip of the woman speaking on the phone, then press Control-Option-S to reveal the audio component.
Before adding an EQ, you need to decide if you want any audio enhancements applied such as background noise removal or loudness. This is important because the order of ______ __________ dictates that enhancement operations are applied after any effects are applied to the selected clip

Answer 9

SIGNAL PROCESSING

Question 10

The Purpose of an EQ
The main purpose of an EQ is to raise or lower the volume of specific frequency bands without affecting other frequencies. Frequencies fall into 3 basic categories, Bass, Midrange and High (also called treble). Let’ s move to this last clip of the woman speaking on the phone, then press Control-Option-S to reveal the audio component.
Before adding an EQ, you need to decide if you want any audio enhancements applied such as background noise removal or loudness. This is important because the order of signal processing dictates that enhancement operations are applied after any effects are applied to the selected clip or component.
When applying _______ such as EQ’s, noise gates, compressors and the like, it’s always best to apply them without any other signal processing applied so you can accurately judge the effectiveness of your adjustments.

Answer 10

EFFECTS

Question 11

The Purpose of an EQ
The main purpose of an EQ is to raise or lower the volume of specific frequency bands without affecting other frequencies. Frequencies fall into 3 basic categories, Bass, Midrange and High (also called treble). Let’ s move to this last clip of the woman speaking on the phone, then press Control-Option-S to reveal the audio component.
Before adding an EQ, you need to decide if you want any audio enhancements applied such as background noise removal or loudness. This is important because the order of signal processing dictates that enhancement operations are applied after any effects
are applied to the selected clip or component.
When applying effects such as EQ’s, noise gates, compressors and the like, it’s always best to apply them without any other signal processing applied so you can accurately judge the effectiveness of your adjustments.
In the ____________ pane, make sure both Background noise removal and Loudness is turned off. To apply an EQ, you’ll need to return to the main inspector pane. In the Audio Enhancements section, you’ll see a section labeled equalization.

Answer 11

ENHANCEMENTS

Question 12

The Purpose of an EQ
The main purpose of an EQ is to raise or lower the volume of specific frequency bands without affecting other frequencies. Frequencies fall into 3 basic categories, Bass, Midrange and High (also called treble). Let’ s move to this last clip of the woman speaking on the phone, then press Control-Option-S to reveal the audio component.
Before adding an EQ, you need to decide if you want any audio enhancements applied such as background noise removal or loudness. This is important because the order of signal processing dictates that enhancement operations are applied after any effects
are applied to the selected clip or component.
When applying effects such as EQ’s, noise gates, compressors and the like, it’s always best to apply them without any other signal processing applied so you can accurately judge the effectiveness of your adjustments.
In the Enhancements pane, make sure both Background noise removal and Loudness is turned off. To apply an EQ, you’ll need to return to the main inspector pane. In the Audio Enhancements section (OF THE MAIN INSPECTOR PANE, VS. THE AUDIO ENHANCEMENTS SECTION IF YOU CLICK ON THE RIGHT ARROW), you’ll see a section labeled ____________.

Answer 12

ENHANCEMENTS

Question 13

Using a Graphic Equalizer

Click the ____________ button to bring up its Heads Up Display.

Answer 13

EQUALIZATION

Question 14

Using a Graphic Equalizer
Click the Equalization button to bring up its Heads Up Display. For the built-in equalizer you can choose between a 10 band or a __ ____ equalizer.

Answer 14

31 BAND

Question 15

Using a Graphic Equalizer
Click the Equalization button to bring up its Heads Up Display. For the built-in equalizer you can choose between a 10 band or a 31 band equalizer. Let’s focus on the 31 band equalizer. In a Graphic Equalizer, each slider represents a _____ of frequencies in an audio signal.

Answer 15

GROUP

Question 16

Using a Graphic Equalizer
Click the Equalization button to bring up its Heads Up Display. For the built-in equalizer you can choose between a 10 band or a 31 band equalizer. Let’s focus on the 31 band equalizer. In a Graphic Equalizer, each slider represents a group of frequencies in an _____ ______.

Answer 16

AUDIO SIGNAL

Question 17

Using a Graphic Equalizer
Click the Equalization button to bring up its Heads Up Display.For the built-in equalizer you can choose between a 10 band or a 31 band equalizer. Let’s focus on the 31 band equalizer. In a Graphic Equalizer, each slider represents a group of frequencies in an audio signal.
Think of frequency as _____.

Answer 17

PITCH

Question 18

Using a Graphic Equalizer
Click the Equalization button to bring up its Heads Up Display. For the built-in equalizer you can choose between a 10 band or a 31 band equalizer. Let’s focus on the 31 band equalizer. In a Graphic Equalizer, each slider represents a group of frequencies in an audio signal.
Think of frequency as pitch. Low notes on a piano keyboard are ___ _________ in nature, high notes are ____ _________.

Answer 18

LOW FREQUENCY, HIGH FREQUENCY

Question 19

Using a Graphic Equalizer
Click the Equalization button to bring up its Heads Up Display.For the built-in equalizer you can choose between a 10 band or a 31 band equalizer. Let’s focus on the 31 band equalizer. In a Graphic Equalizer, each slider represents a group of frequencies in an audio signal.
Think of frequency as pitch. Low notes on a piano keyboard are low frequency in nature, high notes are high frequency. I’m oversimplifying just a bit; the richness of a piano note is because there are many different ___________ interacting with one another to produce the sound.
That’s why a playing a note on a guitar sounds different then the same note on played on a piano.

Answer 19

FREQUENCIES

Question 20

Using a Graphic Equalizer
Click the Equalization button to bring up its Heads Up Display.For the built-in equalizer you can choose between a 10 band or a 31 band equalizer. Let’s focus on the 31 band equalizer. In a Graphic Equalizer, each slider represents a group of frequencies in an audio signal.
Think of frequency as pitch. Low notes on a piano keyboard are low frequency in nature, high notes are high frequency. I’m oversimplifying just a bit; the richness of a piano note is because there are many different frequencies interacting with one another to produce the sound.
That’s why a playing a note on a guitar sounds different then the same note on played on a piano. Then there’s human voices which involve sound waves all over the frequency spectrum.
There can be deep bass frequencies that carry presence, and high frequency sounds that add crispness to the dialog, like the hiss of an “S” sound. Your job as an editor is to bring out the best characteristics of a sound for a given mix.
Bass frequencies range from __ to ___ Hertz, Mid range frequencies from ___ to ____ Hertz, and Treble frequencies from ____ Hz to ______ Hertz.

Answer 20

50 to 250 Hertz, Mid range frequencies from 250 to 2500 Hertz, and Treble frequencies from 2500 Hz to 20,000 Hertz.

Question 21

While you may not be necessarily inclined to commit these ranges to memory, it is helpful to know where male, female and even children fall within the frequency spectrum in order to properly EQ them.
The fundamental frequency range for a man’s voice falls within __ Hz to ___ Hz.

Answer 21

80 Hz to 160 Hz

Question 22

The fundamental frequency range for women’s voices fall somewhere between 165 and 255 Hz.

Answer 22

165 AND 255 Hz

Question 23

The fundamental frequency range for children’s voices range even higher - around 250 Hz to 300 Hz.

Answer 23

250 Hz to 300 Hz

Question 24

As I mentioned in the previous lesson, there is not a “one size fits all” EQ preset and you’re going to need to adjust your EQ controls according to the type of audio clip you working with.
Since I’m only interested in how my EQ adjustments will affect the woman’s voice, I’ll drag out a _________ _____ to just include the portion where she is speaking. Press the forward slash key to loop playback…

Answer 24

SELECTION RANGE

Question 25

Since I’m only interested in how my EQ adjustments will affect the woman’s voice, I’ll drag out a selection range to just include the portion where she is speaking. Press the forward slash key to loop playback…
I’m noticing that there’s some low frequency rumble that’s affecting her voice. Using the sliders we want to reduce the frequencies responsible for the boomy sound in the background.
Here’s an easy way to identify which frequencies are causing the problem. Adjust up each band in turn and see which one exaggerates the problem. Dragging upward on the 160 Hz slider toward 20dB, you can really hear the bass frequencies affecting her voice.
I’ll drag downward below the 0 crossing to -12dB. If I push the 200 Hz slider upward, I can still hear some of the bass frequencies. I’ll drag this slider to -6dB.
I want to then boost the the woman’s main voice frequency at 250 Hz, to give her voice more __________.
This sound pretty good, but I should caution you that one of the downsides of using a Graphic EQ like this one, is that even with 31 bands of control, you will often remove nearby sounds that you want to keep, or accentuate sounds you want to remove. The result will often be a removal of some of the ______ from the voice.
To reset the EQ to its defaults, click the Flatten EQ button.

Answer 25

PRESENCE, WARMTH

Question 26

Before we move on, I should point out that you can select _________ frequencies sliders by click-dragging across the frequency graph. A box will enclose the frequencies you want to adjust, then drag on any slider to affect them all at once.

Answer 26

MULTIPLE