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ID > Feline upper respiratory tract infections (cat flu) > Flashcards

Feline upper respiratory tract infections (cat flu) Flashcards

1
Q

What can cause cat flu?

A 
Feline herpes virus (FeHV-1)
Feline calicivirus (FCV)
Bordatella bronchiseptica
Chlamydophila felis
Mycoplasmas, Haemophilus felis
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2
Q

What are the key symptoms to distinguish between FCV and FeHV-1?

A

FCV - oral ulceration

FeHV-1 - sicker, and eye disease

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3
Q

What type of virus is Feline herpes virus?

A

Double stranded DNA

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4
Q

What type of virus is feline calicivirus?

A

Single stranded RNA

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5
Q

Does feline herpes virus have an envelope? What effect does this have on it?

A

Glycoprotein lipid envelope

Doesn’t survive more than a day outside host

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6
Q

Does feline calicivirus have an envelope? What effect does this have on it?

A

No

Doesn’t survive more than 1 week outside the host

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7
Q

How many serotypes/strains are there of FeHV-1 and FCV

A

Herpes - 1

FCV - many

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8
Q

What are the clinical signs of feline herpes virus?

A 
Sneezing 
Nasal discharge 
Ocular discharge
Conjuncitivitis
Hypersalivation 
Pyrexia
Dyspnoea
Lethargy 
Coughing
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9
Q

What are the clinical signs of feline calicivirus?

A

Oral ulceration
Lameness
Chronic stomatitis (inflammation of mouth and lips)
Nasal discharge, sneezing, virulent systemic disease

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10
Q

In which virus is shifting lameness seen? In which cats is this present?

A

Feline calicivirus

Young cats with respiratory disease and pyrexia

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11
Q

What is virulent systemic disease in FCV?

A

Haemorrhagic syndrome - facial and paw oedema, necrosis, ulceration, haemorrhage in nose and face

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12
Q

Cats are vaccinated against FCV. What does FCV cause that cats aren’t vaccinated against?

A

Virulent systemic disease/haemorrhagic syndrome

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13
Q

What is the pathogenesis for feline herpes virus?

A

Oronasal infection

Multiply in oral/respiratory tissues

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14
Q

How long is the incubation for FeHV?

A

2-6 days

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15
Q

How long does it take for clinical signs to resolve in FeHV?

A

20 days (low mortality)

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16
Q

What can be a complication of FeHV and what does this cause?

A

Turbinate damage

Chronic rhinitis

17
Q

What eye diseases does FeHV cause?

A

Corneal ulceration
Keratitis
Conjunctivitis

18
Q

What Tx is given to eye disease caused by FeHV? Give an example

A

Topical nucleoside analogues

Trifluridine

19
Q

How long do carriers of FeHV shed for?

A

Lifelong

Latent infection but is reactivated e.g. by stress

20
Q

FeHV is recrudescent. What does this mean?

A

Host sheds virus and shows clinical signs

21
Q

How long do carriers of FCV shed for? Do they show clinical signs?

A 
30 days (but can be up to life)
No - clinically normal
22
Q

How can FeHV-1 and FCV be diagnosed?

A 
Clinical signs
Virus isolation 
PCR
Serology
Histopathology
23
Q

What is a disadvantage of using virus isolation to diagnose FCV or FeHV-1?

A

Takes weeks for virus to be isolated (2 weeks)

24
Q

How are FCV and FeHV-1 spread/transmitted?

A 
Direct contact (cat to cat via infectious discharge)
Indirect contact (fomites)
Not aerosol transmission
25
Q

Bordatella bronchoseptica is a virus capable of causing cat flu/respiratory infection. What type of virus is this? What species does it affect?

A

Gram negative
Aerobic
Coccabacillus
Many species

26
Q

What are the clinical signs of Bordetella bronchoseptica infection?

A 
Pyrexia
Sneezing
Nasal discharge
Sub-mandibular lymphadenopathy 
Coughing 
Dyspnoea and cyanosis (causing bronchopneumonia)
27
Q

How does Bordetella Bronchiseptica cause diseases? (What is the pathogenesis)?

A

Attaches to cilia of URT
Stops mucociliary escalator and mucociliary clearance
Bacteria colonise and produce toxins and virulence factors

28
Q

How is Bordetella bronchi septa diagnosed?

A

Oropharyngeal/nasal swab

29
Q

What type of bacteria is Chlamydophila felis?

A

Gram -ve

Obligate intracellular parasite

30
Q

How is Chlamydophila felis transmitted?

A

By close contact

31
Q

What are the symptoms of Chlamydophila felis?

A

Unilateral and bilateral conjunctivitis

Chemosis

32
Q

How is Chlamydophila felis diagnosed?

A

PCR

33
Q

How is Chlamydophila felis treated and controlled?

A

Tx = doxycycline

Prevent high risk situations with vaccination

ID (20 decks)

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