Anti-microbials Flashcards
What is the MIC (minimal inhibitory concentration)?
Minimum concentration of a drug needed to prevent bacterial growth
What is pharmacodynamics?
Effect drug has on body/pathogen
What is pharmacokinetics?
Effect body has on drug
ADME
What is genome plasticity/
The movement of DNA fragments around the genome
What is horizontal gene transfer?
Movement of genetic material from one organism to another
Anyway except vertical transfer (from parents)
Antimicrobials can be concentration dependent, time dependent or both. What do antimicrobials target to kill cells?
Cell wall synthesis
DNA synthesis
Protein synthesis
Folic acid synthesis
How do fluoroquinolone work?
Inhibit DNA synthesis
How does penicillin and cephalosporin work?
Inhibit cell wall synthesis
Antimicrobial resistance can be inherent or required. What do these terms mean?
Inherent - lack of drug target, drug is inaccessible or killed by enzymes
Acquired - mutation
What is the mutation selection window?
Concentrations of a drug which are in the ‘danger zone’ of experiencing a mutation
What is mutation prevention concentration?
Lowest concentration of drug required to block growth of susceptible cells in high density population
What are the 3 mechanisms of horizontal gene transfer?
Transformation
Conjugation
Transduction
What is transformation?
Uptake of DNA from environment
DNA inserted into recipient chromosome by recombination
What is conjugation?
Direct transfer of DNA between bacteria
What is transduction?
DNA transfer mediated by bacteriophages
Inserted into chromosome by recombination
