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Bacterial infections of dogs Flashcards

1
Q

Bacterial infections are often secondary and have carriers. What 2 things make treating bacterial infections difficult in a particular animal?

A

Antibacterial resistance

Often zoonotic

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2
Q

Is salmonella gram negative or positive? It affects many animals including birds and reptile, but what does it cause in humans?

A

Gram negative

Gastroenteritis

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3
Q

What is the name for infection caused by salmonella? What could be the possible cause of in puppies and kittens?

A

Salmonellosis

Garbage gut syndrome

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4
Q

There are a wide range of serovars (variations of salmonella). What species do most serovars belong to?

A

Salmonella enterica

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5
Q

How is salmonella transmitted?

A

Ingesting contaminated food
Water
Fomites (contaminated by infected faeces)
Direct contact

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6
Q

Salmonella infection can often be subclinical. What are the clinical signs of salmonellosis?

A 
Pyrexia
Anorexia
V+
D+
Abdominal pain 
Bacteraemia
Abortion
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7
Q

Some infected dogs become carriers of salmonella. How long do they shed for?

A

4-6 weeks

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8
Q

How is salmonella diagnosed?

A

Salmonella isolation in faeces

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9
Q

Why should antibacterials not be used for local GI disease? What is the treatment for bacteraemia?

A

AMR resistance and prolonged shedding

Antibacterials e.g. amoxycillin

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10
Q

Is campylobacter gram positive or gram negative? what is the most common campylobacter species in dogs?

A

Gram negative

Campylobacter upsaliensis

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11
Q

Campylobacter is often subclinical. What is the best treatment?

A

Supportive (fluid replacement)

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12
Q

Can campylobacter be zoonotic?

A

Yes

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13
Q

Is Escherichia coli gram negative or positive? What oxygen does it require? What shape is it?

A

Gram negative
Facultative anaerobe
Rod shaped

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14
Q

E.coli is part of the normal gut flora. What is the name of the type of E.coli that is pathogenic and how does it cause damage?

A

Enteropathogenic E. coli

Produces toxins

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15
Q

How can the significance of E.coli (whether normal flora or pathogenic) be measured?

A

Number of haemolysins present

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16
Q

What type of bacteria is leptospirosis?

A

Mobile spirochaete (coiled)

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17
Q

Leptospirosis can affect a wide range of mammals, birds, amphibians and reptiles. It rarely affects humans. Which humans may be affected?

A

Ones exposed to contaminated water/soil or urine

Abbatoir workers, vets etc

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18
Q

How is leptospirosis transmitted?

A

Through urine directly or indirectly (contaminated water/soil)

19
Q

What is the pathogenesis of leptospirosis?

A

Infected from urine
Penetrates through mucous membranes and multiples in blood
Spreads to kidneys, liver, spleen etc

20
Q

Leptospirosis clears from most tissues. Which organ does leptospirosis persist in? What does this mean for carriers?

A

Persists in kidneys

Carriers = renal excretion for weeks or months

21
Q

What do the clinical signs of leptospirosis depend on?

A

Serovar
Age
Immune status

22
Q

Leptospirosis can be acute or sub-acute. What are the symptoms?

A

Acute - pyrexia, V+, shock, haemorrhage, jaundice, renal failure
Sub-acute - pyrexia, PUPD, petechia, jaundice

23
Q

How can leptospirosis infection be diagnosed?

A

Clinical signs
Serology
Spirochaete detection in urine

24
Q

What is the treatment for leptospirosis?

A

Supportive
Penicillin to clear bacteraemia
Doxycycline/tetracycline to eliminate from carriers

25
Q

How can leptospirosis be prevented?

A

Vaccination (not against all serovars)
Eliminate from carriers with antibiotics
Prevent contact with reservoir hosts

26
Q

What is the name for Lyme disease?

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

27
Q

Is lyme disease zoonotic? How is it transmitted?

A 
Yes
By ticks (Ixodes)
28
Q

What are the symptoms of Borrelia Burgdorferi (Lyme disease)?

A

Lameness

Lymphadenopathy

29
Q

Is staphylococcus gram positive or gram negative?

Is staph always pathogenic or commensal?

A

Gram positive

Commensal - part of normal flora of skin

30
Q

What is staph pseudintermedius often associated with in dogs?

A

Canine pyoderma

31
Q

MRSP often shows multi drug resistance. What is MRSP/MRSA?

A

Methicillin resistant staph pseudintermedius/ aureus

32
Q

Is staph. pseudintermedius zoonotic?

A

Only in immunocompromised (rare)

33
Q

How is staph. pseudintermeidus diagnosed?

A

Cytology (pyoderma)

Culture and susceptibility testing

34
Q

How is staphylococcus best controlled?

A 
Hand hygiene 
Simple uniforms - gloves, aprons
Isolation 
Aseptic technique
Sterilisation
35
Q

What does staph aureus cause in humans?

A

Food poisoning
Pneumonia
Skin and wound infections

36
Q

What does staph aureus cause in cattle?

A

Mastitis

37
Q

What does staph aureus cause in dogs and cats?

A

Skin infections

38
Q

What does staph aureus cause in horses?

A

Pneumonia

39
Q

MRSA is commensal and potentially zoonotic (if immunocompromised). Where is it found?

A

Skin

Nasal passages

40
Q

What is EMRSA?

A

Epidemic strain of methicillin resistant staph aureus

41
Q

What is the common intracellular species of Ehrlichia

A

Ehrlichia canis

42
Q

Ehrlichiosis is only found in which dogs? How is it transmitted?

A

Travelled dogs

Rhicephalus sanguineus ticks

43
Q

Ehrlichia commonly causes coinfection with which other bacteria?

A

Babesia

44
Q

What is the treatment for Ehrlichiosis?

A

Doxycycline

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