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ID > Equine infectious viral respiratory disease > Flashcards

Equine infectious viral respiratory disease Flashcards

1
Q

What are causes of equine infectious viral respiratory disease?

A 
Adenovirus
Influenza
Equine herpes virus 1&4
Rhinovirus
Equine viral arteritis
African horse sickness
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2
Q

Adenovirus is usually a cause of mild or subclinical viral respiratory disease. In which animals can adenovirus pose a serious problem? Why?

A

Arab foals
As they have SCID (severe combined immunodeficiency)
Arab foals

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3
Q

What family are the influenza viruses in? What are the subtypes based on?

A

Orthomyxoviridae

Different surface antigens

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4
Q

What are the clinical signs of influenza?

A 
Pyrexia
Nasal discharge (watery then mucopurulent)
Coughing
Tachypnoea
Inappetance
Retropharyngeal lymphadenopathy
Weight loss
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5
Q

How long is the incubation period for influenza?

A

24-48 hrs

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6
Q

Which animals are most at risk for influenza?

A

Young horses in large groups

Older, stressed, immunosuppressed

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7
Q

What is the morbidity/mortality of influenza?

A 
High morbidity
Low mortality (except foals)
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8
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of influenza

A

Subclinical carriers shed and infect others
Inhaled virus attaches to respiratory mucosa and spreads along RT
Damages epithelium and cilia (leads to secondary infections)

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9
Q

How is influenza diagnosed?

A

Clinical signs
Rapid spread
Nasal/trachel swab for virus

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10
Q

What is the treatment for influenza?

A

Symptomatic - NSAIDs, anitmicrobials

Antiviral drugs

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11
Q

Is there a vaccination for influenza? What cause it target? What are the issues with it?

A

Yes - targets surface antigens
Can cause fever for few days
Problems with antigenic drift

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12
Q

What are the differences between equine herpes virus 1 and 4?

A 
4 = respiratory only
1 = respiratory, neurological, abortion
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13
Q

Which horses are mainly affected by EHV?

A

Young (1-3)

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14
Q

How is EHV spread?

A

Inhaled

Attaches and replicates on mucosal surfaces

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15
Q

What is the incubation of EHV?

A

3-7 days (up to 3 weeks)

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16
Q

What are the host-pathogenic interatctions?

A

Enzootic (endemic)
Infection in early life
Latent infection and intermittent shedding for up to 3 weeks
Recovered horses present no greater risk

17
Q

What are the symptoms of EHV?

A 
Biphasic fever
Lethargy and inappetance
Oedema
Hyperaemia of mucosa
Serous nasal discharge 
Some cases have coughing
18
Q

What is the prognosis of EHV?

A

Usually always fatal in young foals
Older foals survive but suffer from other diseases
Yearlings and adults - have recurrence of latent infection and less severe disease

19
Q

How is EHV diagnosed?

A

Virus isolation (nasal swabs, tracheal wash, PCR and serology)

20
Q

Is there a vaccination for EHV? When are they given?

A

Yes - modified lived and dead available
1st at 5 months, second 4-6 weeks later with boosters every 6 months
Pregnant mares at 5,7 and 9 months

21
Q

What type of virus is the equine rhinovirus?

A

Picornavirus

22
Q

Describe equine rhinovirus

A

Mild respiratory disease
Lasts 3-5 days duration
No vaccination

23
Q

What are the symptoms of equine rhinovirus?

A 
Fever
Rapid spread
Anorexia
Nasal discharge
Pharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia
24
Q

What family is equine viral arteritis from?

A

Arteriviridae

25
Q

What is significant about equine viral arteritis?

A

Notifiable disease

Causes abortion

26
Q

What are the 2 routes of transmission for equine viral arteritis?

A

Sexually or nasal

27
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of equine viral arteritis

A

Nasal or venereal route
Spreads to lymph nodes
Causes viraemia
And vascular endothelium arteritis (type of vasculitis)

28
Q

What is African horse sickness? How is it spread?

A

Insect borne Arbovirus

Spread by culicoides imicaola

29
Q

How many strains are there of African horse sickness? What animals are reservoir hosts?

A

8

Dog, zebra, elephant

30
Q

What are the symptoms of African horse sickness?

A

Severe vascular endothelial damage in respiratory and CV systems
Oedema in lungs, thorax, pericardium and head
Protein rich fluid leakage into interstitium

31
Q

What are the 4 different forms of African horse sickness?

A

Pulmonary
Cardiac
Mixed pulmonary and cardiac forms
Horse sickness fever

ID (20 decks)

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