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ID > Feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) > Flashcards

Feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) Flashcards

1
Q

What is FeLV?

A

Feline Leukaemia Virus

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2
Q

What type of retrovirus is FeLV?

A

Oncornavirus

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3
Q

There are 3 subtypes of FeLV. What are they and which type is transmissible?

A

A, B, C
Only type A transmissible
(B and C need type A for replication)

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4
Q

FeLV is the most common infectious cause of death in what age cats?

A

Young

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5
Q

What syndromes does FeLV cause?

A

Neoplasia
Immunodeficiency
Anaemia
Reproductive failure

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6
Q

How is FeLV transmitted?

A

Close contact via saliva, faeces, urine, milk

Placental transmission

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7
Q

What is the pathogenesis of FeLV?

A

Ingested and replicate in oropharynx and primary lymph nodes
Causes primary viraemia
Replicate in secondary lymphoid tissue to form secondary viraemia

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8
Q

Infection of FeLV can lead to what two outcomes? (Depending on immune status, dose of virus and age)

A

Persistent latent infection and possibly elimination (strong immune response)
Persistent viraemia, clinical disease and death

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9
Q

What does pathogenesis depend on? (will it cause persistent latent infection or clinical disease and death)

A

Dose of virus
Age
Immune status

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10
Q

How does FeLV cause oncogenesis?

A

Insertion of FeLV A activates proto-oncogene

Disrupts tumour suppressor gene

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11
Q

FeLV causes 4 main types of lymphoma (neoplasia). What are these 4 types?

A

Mediastinal lymphoma
Multicentric lymphoma
Alimentary lymphoma
Lymphoid leukaemia

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12
Q

Mediastinal lymphoma causes cancer where? In what age cats is it usually found?

A

Thymus (mainly) blood and LNs

<3 y/o (majority have FeLV)

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13
Q

What are the symptoms of mediastinal lymphoma?

A 
Muffled heart sounds
Regurgitation 
Weight loss
Tachypnoea/dyspnoea
Pleural fluid containing neoplasticism lymphocytes
Resistance in thorax palpation
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14
Q

Multicentric lymphoma can affect any tissue. What does it cause?

A

Lymphadenopathy
Can cause paralysis and renal failure depending on location
Mild anaemia

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15
Q

How is mediastinal lymphoma Dx?

A

Ultra sound
Radiography
Biopsy
Cytology

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16
Q

How is multi centric lymphoma diagnosed?

A

Clinical signs

Biopsy

17
Q

Alimentary lymphoma causes what? What clinical signs does this lead to?

A

Abdominal masses, often with local LNs and kidneys

Anorexia, weight loss, D+, V+, anaemia

18
Q

Lymphoid leukaemia is based where? What does it affect?

A

Bone marrow

Haematopoiesis

19
Q

What are the symptoms of lymphoid leukaemia?

A 
Raised WBC count (leukocytosis)
Anaemia
Thrombocytopenia
Pyrexia
Weakness 
Anorexia
20
Q

How is lymphoid leukaemia diagnosed?

A

Haematology

Bone marrow biopsy

21
Q

FeLV can also cause myeloid leukaemia but this is rare. What symptoms does this cause?

A 
Lesions in bone marrow
Secondary lesions in liver, spleen, LNs
Anaemia 
weight loss
Thrombocytopenia
Petechia 
Haemorrhage
22
Q

FeLV is a common cause of reproductive failure. What does it cause?

A

Foetus reabsorption at 3-5 wks
Vulval discharge
All kittens infected

23
Q

How can FeLV be controlled?

A

Rehome or PTS infected cats
Vaccinate
Feed cat from own bowl
Test and remove (house all +ves separately, retest regularly)

24
Q

The efficacy of FeLV vaccine is difficult to estimate. What type of vaccine is it? At what age is it given

A

Killed or recombinant

8 weeks, then 4 weeks later and every 2-3 years

25
Q

What ages does FeLV typically affect? Why?

A

4-16 weeks
MDA protection until 4 weeks
Not likely to be affected after 16 weeks
Vaccine not effective until 13 weeks

26
Q

What is the Tx for FeLV?

A

mainly supportive
Interferon may lengthen survival
Cytotoxic drugs for lymphomas

27
Q

FeLV can lead to 3 other FeLV issues. What are these

A

FeLV related anaemia
FeLV-FAIDS
Feline sarcoma virus

28
Q

FeLV related anaemia is the most common cause of anaemia in cats. What are the 2 types of anaemia?

A

Primary - total RBC/marrow aplasia (non-regenerative)

Secondary - regenerative. Associated with FeLV C - mutation causes decrease haematopoiesis

29
Q

What are the symptoms of FeLV-FAIDS?

A

Immunosuppression: secondary infections, pour healing abscesses, thin, pyrexia, chronic infections

30
Q

How can FeLV cause feline sarcoma virus? (RARE)

What proportion of these cats are FeLV positive?

A

FeLV recombines with host cell genome

All FeLV positive

31
Q

What does feline sarcoma virus cause?

A

Ulcerative lesions
Recur
May be metastatic

32
Q

How is FeLV diagnosed?

A

FeLV antigen

33
Q

Why are Ags used to Dx FeLV rather than Abs?

A

Ab levels fluctuate

Most infected cats are recovered or have a dormant infection

34
Q

In low prevalence populations, what must be done for all positive tests and why?

A

Repeat by an independent test

Low positive predictive value (PPV)

ID (20 decks)

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