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Equine infectious dermatological disease Flashcards

1
Q

Give examples of equine bacterial dermatological disease

A

Streptococcal dermatitis
Staphylococcal dermatitis
Dermatophilosis (rain scald)

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2
Q

Give an example of equine fungal dermatological disease

A

Dermatophytosis (ring worm)

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3
Q

Give examples of equine viral dermatological diseases

A 
Viral papilloma (grass warts)
Pinnal acanthosis
Coital exanthema
Horse pox
Papular dermatitis
Sarcoids?
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4
Q

What does streptococcal dermatitis cause? How is it diagnosed and treated?

A

Mild-moderate painful skin infections and abscess
Dx by culture
Tx - penicillin, drain abscesses, topical antimicrobials

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5
Q

What are the most common causes of staphylococcal dermatitis?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

Staphylococcus intermedius

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6
Q

What are the symptoms of staphylococcal dermatitis?

A

Pain
Localised exudative dermatitis
Focal lesions (abscess or pyogranulomas)
Pastern folliculitis, wound infections

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7
Q

Treatment for staphylococcal dermatitis is quite problematic. How can it be treated?

A

Drain abscesses
Clip hair and antiseptic wash
Antimicrobials based on culture and sensitivity

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8
Q

What is dermatophilosis commonly known as? What causes this?

A

Rain scald

Dermatophilus congolensis

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9
Q

What does dermatophilosis cause? When is it more severe?

A

Mild pain and small lesions- easily to feel than see

Winter - longer matted hair

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10
Q

How is dermatophilosis diagnosed and treated?

A

Dx - clinical signs, smears and culture

Tx - move to dry environment, remove matted hair and crusts, antimicrobial washes

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11
Q

Dermatophytosis/Ringworm is very common, highly contagious and zoonotic. What is the incubation period?

A

2-3 weeks

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12
Q

Do animals develop immunity against dermatophytosis?

A

Some with age

If reinfected - smaller lesions and faster recovery

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13
Q

What are the 2 main types of fungi that cause ring worm?

A

Trichophyton

Microsporum

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14
Q

What are the species of trichophyton and microsporum that can cause dermatophytosis?

A

T equinum var equinum
T verrucosum
M gypseum
M equinum

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15
Q

What are the signs of ring worm?

A

Small circular patches with hair sticking up
Accumulation of keratinised squames - like cigarette ash
Bald patches from weakening of hairs

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16
Q

How is ringworm diagnosed?

A

Skin scraping/hair pluck and microscopy
PCR
Culture - takes long time!

17
Q

How is ringworm treated?

A

Isolation
Usually resolves itself in 10 wks
Topical treatment (miconazole)
Disinfect environment and tack

18
Q

What is viral papilloma? What does it cause? Is it contagious?

A

Host specific papovavirus
Causes small pink/grey lesions on muzzle, lips, limbs and genitals. No sign of discomfort/pruritis
Moderately

19
Q

How are viral papillomas treated?

A

Can be removed, autogenous vaccinations and topical antivirals
However spontaneoulsy resolv

20
Q

How are viral papillomas diagnosed?

A

Biopsy or virus isolation

21
Q

Pinnal acanthosis or aural plaques are very common in horses. What virus causes them? What transmits this virus?

A 
Papillomavirus 
Black flies (simulium spp)
22
Q

What is the Dx and Tx for pinnal acanthosis or aural plaques?

A

Don’t biopsy! Dx by clinical signs

Don’t treat

23
Q

What is coital exanthema? Is it contagious?

A

Disease caused by EHV-3

Yes

24
Q

How is coital exanthema transmitted?

A

Sexually, by indirect contact or inhalation

25
Q

Coital exanthema is only significant in breeding animals. Do horses become immune to this?

A

Yes - usually only infected once

26
Q

What is the incubation time for coital exanthema?

A

1 week

27
Q

Clinical signs are used to diagnose coital exanthema. What are these signs?

A

Papules on penis, vulva and perineum

Mildly pruritic, unpainful lesions may leave depigmented spots

28
Q

How is coital exanthema treated?

A

Don’t breed until 3 wks after clear

Topical antimicrobials/antiseptics

29
Q

Horse pox is very rare. It comes in two forms. What are these?

A

Buccal form

Cutaneous form

30
Q

What are the clinical signs and treatment for horse pox?

A

Mild systemic signs - fever, depression

No treatment - spontaneous regression

31
Q

Papular dermatosis is very rare and only found in Africa and America. What causes this? Are they pruritic or painful? Do they need to be treated?

A

Unspecified pox virus
No - non pruritic and non painful
No treatment needed

32
Q

What are sarcoids? What is thought to be associated with sarcoids?

A

Common skin tumour in fibroblasts of horses

Bovine papillomavirus 1&2

33
Q

What predisposition can lead to sarcoids?

A

Genetic predisposition

34
Q

What are the 6 forms of sarcoids?

A 
Occult
Verrucose
Nodular
Fibroblastic
Malignant
Mixed
35
Q

What is a danger of biopsy of sarcoids?

A

Can exacerbate conditions

36
Q

There are lots of treatments for sarcoids. What are examples of treatments?

A 
Surgery
Laser therapy
Immune therapy
Cytotoxins
Antimitotics 
Radiation 
Homeopathy
37
Q

What are the general rules for sarcoids?

A

The more they have the more they get and vice versa
Multiply over Summer and grow over Winter
Single sarcoid implies genetic susceptibility

ID (20 decks)

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