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Canine viral infections Flashcards

1
Q

What is important to consider about first vaccination timing in puppies?

A

Maternally derived antibodies block vaccine
If MDA lasts short time - immunity gap
If MDA lasts long time - vaccination will not work

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2
Q

At what ages should puppies be initially vaccinated

A

9 and 12 weeks

Annual boosters

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3
Q

Which dog vaccine is given every 3 years, rather than yearly?

A

Parvo - vaccine

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4
Q

What is the gold standard (very expensive!) way to predict when a vaccination booster is needed?

A

Measuring Ab concentrations

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5
Q

Canine distemper virus is rare in the UK, but infects which species?

A 
Dogs
Ferrets
Badgers
Primates
Marine mammals
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6
Q

What virus causes canine distemper? What is it closely related to?

A

Morbillivirus

Measles/mumps

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7
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of canine distemper

A

Oronasal infection
Virus multiples in lymphoid tissue of respiratory tract
Spreads to other LTs, bone marrow, spleen, epithelium and

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8
Q

What are the clinical signs of canine distemper? (Can be subclinical - causes multi system disease)

A 
Anorexia
Depression 
Pyrexia
Ocular/nasal discharge
Coughing 
Conjunctivitis
V+, D+
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9
Q

What is the treatment for canine distemper?

A

No antivirals - supportive and symptomatic treatment

Antibacterials for secondary infections

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10
Q

What type of virus (live, attenuated, dead) is in the canine distemper vaccine

A

Modified live

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11
Q

There are two types of canine adenovirus. What are these?

A

CAV-1 (infectious hepatitis)

CAV-2

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12
Q

What are the symptoms of CAV-1?

A

Infectious hepatitis
Systemic disease
(URT disease)

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13
Q

What are the symptoms of CAV-2?

A

Respiratory disease

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14
Q

CAV-1 causes infectious hepatitis. It is very hardy and survives weeks in environment. What is the pathogenesis of CAV-1?

A

Oronasal infection
Enters blood stream - viraemia
Spreads to many tissues
Localises and damages hepatic cells (LIVER)

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15
Q

Where does CAV-1 persist? How long is it excreted/shed for?

A

Kidneys

6-9 months

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16
Q

What are the clinical signs of infectious hepatitis?

A 
Pyrexia
Depression 
Lethargy
Hepatomegaly
Abdominal pain 
Haemorrhagic V+ D+
Corneal oedema and uveitis
17
Q

How is infectious hepatitis diagnosed?

A

Virus isolation from faecal sample
Oropharyngeal swabs
Serology
Histopathology of liver (post mortem)

18
Q

What is the treatment of infectious hepatitis?

A

No specific antivirals
Supportive and symptomatic treatment
Antibacterials for secondary infections

19
Q

Is there a vaccination for canine adenoviruses?

A

Yes - CAV-2

Not CAV-1 due to causing corneal oedema

20
Q

Is canine parvovirus large or small? Is it enveloped or not? Is it DNA or RNA?

A

Small
Unenveloped
DNA virus

21
Q

What cells does canine parvovirus affect?

A

Rapidly dividing cells (intestines, bone marrow)

22
Q

What haematological abnormality does parvovirus cause?

A

Leucopenia

23
Q

What is the pathogenesis of canine parvovirus (CPV-2)

A

Faecal oral transmission
Replicates in lymphoid tissue and intestinal crypts of villi
Destroys GI epithelium
Secondary infections

24
Q

Why is canine parvovirus rare in neonates? Where does it replicate when exposed in utero or to neonates?

A

MDA protection

Replicates in myocardium and causes myocarditis

25
Q

Clinical signs of parvo are more severe in young growing pups. What are the clinical signs?

A 
Anorexia
Depression 
Pyrexia
GI signs (haemorrhagic V+/D+)
Dehydration 
Sepsis
Sudden death
26
Q

How is parvovirus diagnosed?

A 
Clinical signs
ELISA
Culture
PCR
Virus detection in faeces
Serology
Post-mortem (lack of villi, depletion of lymphoid tissue)
27
Q

How is canine parvovirus transmitted?

A

Direct contact with contaminated faeces

Indirect contact via fomites, environment

28
Q

How long is canine parvovirus shed for?

A

10-12 days

In faeces

29
Q

What type of parvovirus is used in dog vaccines (live, attenuated, weak)

A

Live attenuated

30
Q

How can parvovirus be prevented?

A

Vaccination
removal of virus from environment
Neonatal protection from mother (colostrum)

31
Q

What virus is the cause of rabies?

A

European bat lyssavirus (EBLV)

32
Q

How is rabies transmitted? What body system does it infect?

A

Bites, scratches, saliva

CNS - usually fatal

33
Q

How is rabies controlled?

A

Quarantine
Vaccination
Travel schemes

34
Q

Canine herpes virus can affect foetuses, neonates and adults. What does it cause in foetuses?

A

Infertility
Abortion
Still birth

35
Q

What does herpes virus cause in neonates?

A

Severe systemic multiorgan failure

36
Q

Which body systems does herpes affect in adult dogs?

A

Genital

Respiratory

37
Q

How is canine herpes virus prevented?

A

Vaccination given to dams

38
Q

Canine papilloma virus is host specific. What does it cause? What age dogs are most common?

A

Benign warts

Young dogs

ID (20 decks)

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