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ID > Antifungals > Flashcards

Antifungals Flashcards

1
Q

Give examples of anti fungal classes

A 
Azoles
Allylamines
Polyenes
Mitotic inhibitors
DNA/RNA inhibitors
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2
Q

Why are cell walls a good target for anti fungal treatment?

A

Mammalian cells have no cell wall

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3
Q

Azoles have a broad spectrum of activity. How fast is azalea absorption? Is it protein bound?

A

Rapid - plasma peak in 2 hrs

Yes - by albumin

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4
Q

Azoles are highly distributed in the body. Where are azole levels highest?

A

Liver
Adrenal glands
Lungs
Kidney

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5
Q

What are the 2 groups of azoles?

A

Triazoles - very expensive

Imidazoles

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6
Q

How are azoles metabolised and excreted?

A

Hepatic metabolism

Excreted mainly in bile, some in urine

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7
Q

What are the side effects of azoles?

A

GI affects (V+, D+, anorexia, nausea)
Hepatoxicity (inhibits cytochrome P450)
Suppression of hormones

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8
Q

What species are more sensitive to side effects of azoles?

A

Cats

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9
Q

Allylamines inhibit squalene epoxidase (?). They can be fungicidal or fungistatic. What other enzyme do they inhibit and what is the consequence of this?

A

Cytochrome P450

Slow metabolism of this and other drugs - potentially hepatotoxic

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10
Q

Give an example of an allylamine and what it is used for

A

Terinafine

Treat Malassezia otitis externa

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11
Q

Systemic use of allylamines is unauthorised. How are allylamines metabolised and excreted?

A

Hepatic metabolism

Urinary excretion

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12
Q

What are the side effects of allylamines?

A

GI problems (give with food)
Hepatoxicity
Pruritis of skin

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13
Q

Amphotericin B (AMB) is a fungistatic or fungicidal drug. It is highly protein bound. Is it widely distributed in the body?

A

Yes

Poor penetration of CNS, pancreas and bone

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14
Q

What is a common side effect of amphotericin B?

A

Nephrotoxicity (to a certain degree)

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15
Q

Griseofulvin is a fungistatic drug. How does it work?

A

Disrupts mitosis

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16
Q

How is griseofulvin absorbed? What does it bind to?

A

Absorbed irregularly from GI tract - only small fraction remains in body tissues
Hair, skin nails

17
Q

Which is the only species griseofulvin is authorised in?

A

Horses

18
Q

How is griseofulvin metabolised and excreted?

A

Hepatic metabolism

Excreted in faeces

19
Q

Why should griseofulvin not be used in pregnant animals? (Also not in lactating or food production)

A

Teratogenic

20
Q

What are the side effects of griseofulvin?

A 
Tetratogenic
Carcinogenic
GI disorders
Hepatoxictity
Atoxia
Anaemia, leucopenia
21
Q

Why might anti fungal treatment fail?

A

Many are fungistatic, not fungicidal
Fungal cell wall, membrane and capsules can act as a barrier
Poor penetration to infection site

ID (20 decks)

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