Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ID > Equine neurological disease > Flashcards

Equine neurological disease Flashcards

1
Q

What viruses with primary neurotropism cause equine neurological disease?

A

Rabies

Bornavirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which arboviruses cause equine neurological disease?

A

Japanese encephalitis

West Nile Virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which viruses cause neuropathy by damaging the BBB?

A

EHV-1 and 4

Equine infectious anaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which equine neurological diseases are parasitic?

A

Halicephalobus gingivalis
Strongylus vulgaris
Hypoderma
Trypanosoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which equine neurological diseases are caused by clostridial neurotoxins?

A

Botulism

Tetanus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are neurological diagnoses usually made on?

A 
History 
Clinical exam
CSF analysis
Medical imaging
Functional testing
Post mortem
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What history should be noted when examining for neurological diseases?

A

Info about geographical location
Recent travel history
Vaccination history
Onset/duration of clinical signs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

CSF analysis is key in most viral encephalitis. What do you look for in CSF analysis that indicates a neurological problem?

A

Increased protein
Mononulcear pleocytosis (increased cell count)
Identify Ag or specific Ab

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What medical imaging can be used to diagnose neurological problems? What are disadvantages are this?

A

CT
MRI
EEG
Expensive and only up to mid cervical region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What treatment should be given if suspecting a neurological problem? (fever, neurological signs)

A 
Isolate - presume infection
Quiet, dark stable
Deep bedding
Padded walls 
Turn recumbent horses every few hours
Sling if stood
NSAIDs, corticosteroids, antiviral therapy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How can neurological diseases be prevented?

A

Vaccination if available

Minimise exposure to vector or reservoir

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is EHV-2?

A

Keratitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is EHV-3?

A

Coital exanthema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is EHV-4?

A

Respiratory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is EHV-5?

A

Multinodular pulmonary fibrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does EHV 6-8 affect?

A

Donkeys

17
Q

What type of virus is equine herpes? What immunity do horses have to this?

A

Alpha herpes virus
DNA virus
Hummoral immunity is short lived - naturally low Ab level

18
Q

What is EHV-1?

A

Respiratory
Abortion
Myeloencephalopathy

19
Q

What are the clinical signs of EHV-1? What are these signs a result of?

A 
Sudden onset 
Ataxia and recumbency
Atony of bladder
Flaccid tail and anus
Perineal hypoalgesia
Cranial nerve involvement
Signs due to vasculitis and thrombosis of arterioles in CNS
20
Q

What is the treatment and prognosis for EHV-1?

A

Isolate, give anti-inflammatories for vasculitis

Prognosis reasonable with good care, except if recumbent for long time periods

21
Q

Is there a vaccination for EHV? What are problems with this vaccine?

A

For EHV1 and EHV4

22
Q

Rabies is an important zoonotic disease but is quite uncommon in horses. What is the pathogenesis of rabies?

A

Salivary/droplet transmission via carnivore bite
Inoculates at wound site
Travels to peripheral nerve
Moves centrally and replicates in spinal/dorsal root ganglia
Spreads to CNS

23
Q

There are few clinical signs for rabies as it turns from mild lameness to sudden death. The signs vary based on which form of rabies it is. What are the 3 forms of rabies?

A

Spinal form - parayltic form
Cerebral form - furious form
Brain stem - dumb form

24
Q

Spinal/parayltic rabies is the most common form. What are the clinical signs of this?

A 
Localised hyperaestheisa
Progressive ataxia
Weakness
Lameness
Recumbency
25
Q

What are the clinical signs of the brain stem/dum form of rabies?

A

Depression
Anorexia
Ataxia

26
Q

What are the clinical signs of the cerebrum/furious form of rabies?

A 
Photo/hydrophobia
Aggression
Bizarre behaviour
Muscle tremors and tetanus
Seizures
27
Q

Rabies is always fatal. Is there a vaccination? What should you do if suspected rabies?

A

yes

Kill if suspected

28
Q

How is rabies diagnosed

A

Post mortem exam - careful as zoonotic

Negri bodies in neurons

29
Q

What causes West Nile virus?

A

Flaviviridae (group B arbovirus)

30
Q

West Nile Virus is found in humans and horses in Africa and America. What are the reservoir hosts? How is the disease transmitted to horses and humans?

A

Birds

Spread via mosquitoes + midges

31
Q

What is the pathogenesis of West Nile Virus?

A

virus replicates at inoculation site
Causes viraemia and signs of infection (fever, depression)
Enters CNS of some horses

32
Q

What are the neurological signs of West Nile Virus?

A 
Weakness
Ataxia
Muscle twitches - particularly in head/neck
Affects mentation
Can cause sudden death
33
Q

How is West Nile virus diagnosed and treated?

A

Dx - ELISA, post mortem

Tx - hyperimmune specific plasma (USA), supportive care (NSAIDs, corticosteroids)

34
Q

What is the prognosis and prevention for West Nile Virus?

A

Some cases gradually resolve but have long term neurological defects
Reduce vector contact (mosquito repellents) and vaccination

ID (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions