Farm parasitology

Question 1

Pasture parasitology risks

Answer 1

PGE
Lungworm
Fluke

Question 2

GI nematodes - abomasum

Answer 2

Haemonchus contortus
Ostertagia ostertagi
Trichostrongylus axei

Question 3

GI nematodes - SI

Answer 3

Nematodirus
Cooperia
Trichostrongylus

Question 4

GI nematodes - LI

Answer 4

Oesophagostomum radiatum
Trichuris
Chabertia
Bunostomum phlebotomum

Question 5

PGE Pth and clinical presentation

Answer 5

Ostertagia -
Abomasal wall damage
Raised pH
Poor digestion, bac overgrowth
Cooperia -
Dam int. mucosa
Impaired absorption
Co - inf - synergistic
D+, poor appetite
Consider Hx
- grazing and worming
Type 2 arrested development (oste)

Question 6

PGE animals affected

Answer 6

Youngstock
- 1st season dairy heifers
- Aut sucklers
- Spr sucklers
Immunity acquired after 2 grazing seasons
Sub-clin Dz in adults norm

Question 7

Dictycaulus viviparous

Answer 7

L1 shed in faeces (many)
L3 ingested infectious
6wks pasture survival
Carriers high risk source

Question 8

Lungworm epi

Answer 8

Not on all farms
Ass wet summers
- fungal spore release
South West and Scot highest risk
Dz in Summer

Question 9

Lungworm risk

Answer 9

20% animals affected
Youngstock and bought in cattle

Question 10

Lungworm Pth and presentation

Answer 10

Pre patent:
-L4 in alveoli, mig> bronchi
- resp inflammation
Patent: 26d
-adults in large airways
-L1 in alveoli
-obst bronchitis, 2° Dz
May never recover

Question 11

Fasciola hepatica

Answer 11

Eggs
Miracidium
Cercaria
Metacercariae
Adult

Question 12

Epi

Answer 12

Summer (AutDz) & Winter (MayDz)
Hibernate <10°C
Cercariae shed from snail
Sheep and cattle both get it
Wet boggy pasture (snails)
Forecasting

Question 13

Fluke Pth and presentation Ac

Answer 13

Sheep and youngstock
2-6wks PI (in PPP)
Migration through parenchyma
Tissue damage and bleeds (anaemia)

Question 14

Fluke chronic

Answer 14

10-12wks PI
Adults in bile ducts
Chr anaemia
Hypoalbuminaemia (bottle jaw)
Poor BCS
Sub clin Dz also common

Question 15

PGE Dx

Answer 15

Hx
Signalment
CS, time of year
Plasma pepsionogen (Ostertagia)
FEC (McMaster salt floatation)
Ab ELISA
PM

Question 16

Lungworm Dx

Answer 16

Signalment, Hx, CS
OM
L1 in faeces (Baerman)
Ab ELISA (serum/ bulk milk (>30%))

Question 17

Fluke Dx

Answer 17

Sig, Hx, CS
Serum Biochem: albumin. GGT
Fluke eggs (sedimentation (patent Dz))
Copro Ag ELISA
Ab ELISA

Question 18

Calicophoron daubneyi

Answer 18

Rumen fluke
Galba truncatula (F. hepatica)
Not pathogenic in adults

Question 19

Anthelmintics

Answer 19

1 - BZ - white drench
- oral no residue, bolus 5m
2 - LV - yellow drench (oral no residual activity)
3 - ML - clear drench (inj, pour on)
Strategic dosing to keep pasture contamination low

Question 20

Lungworm vaccination

Answer 20

If farm has Hx with it
Irradiated L3 (live vax)
Natural exposure needed for best result

Question 21

Crypto

Answer 21

2-3wks/o
Oocysts persistent in Env.
Co-inf w/ virus common
Ziehl Nielsen Dx
Zoonotic
Tx - halofuginone lactate, supportive
Control - Vax, lower density, good hygeine
Vax - based in MDA

Question 22

Coccidiosis

Answer 22

Eimeria zuernii / bovis
Young 3-4wks post weaning
Caecum and colon replication
Housed and grazing
PPP ~ 17d
Sporulation ~ 3d
Dx - oocysts smear, PM
Tx - diclazuril
All in & out

Question 23

Neosporosis

Answer 23

25% abortion cases
Dogs definitive host (F>O to cattle)
Cattle - life long Dz (preg recrudescence)
Vertical to calf
Prv/con - closed herd, keep dogs away
Serum Ab test 1m pre calving

Question 24

Babesiosis

Answer 24

B. divergens
Epi - southwest
Tick borne (reduce other hosts (deer))
Cs - redwater, pyrexia, hammer heart, pipe stem D+ then
constipation
Tx - imdocarb