Farm dermatology Flashcards
Common problems
Infectious
Neoplasia
Nutritional
Toxic
Physical
Congenital
Ectoparasites
Indoor- lice and mites
Outdoors- flies, ticks
Pediculosis
Lice on back and neck
Pruritis
Lice and eggs visible macroscopically
Microscopic speciation
Sucking- lignonathus vituli, haematopinus
Chewing- bovicola bovis
Mites
Acariasis / mange
Psoroptes bovis
Chorioptes bovis
Sarcoptes scabei
Pruritus, rubbing hair loss in housed cattle
Dx- skin scrape, liquid parrafin smear microscopy
Neck and face- sarcoptes
Elsewhere- the other 2
Ectoparasite Tx
Pediculosis and mange
Management and mange
Mild infestations Tx may not be needed
Self limiting
ML, SP (lice resistance reported)
Trichophyton verrucosum
Ringworm
Youngstock
Circular raised crusted plaques
Dx- culture and microscopy from peripheral lesion hair pluck
Tx- clean and disinfect housing
-Turn out (UV sensitive)
-Topical enilconazole
- Vax lowers severity (prophylaxis)
Pustular impetigo
Staph
Wounds, udders, perineum
Poorly applied ear tags
Abscess and cellulitis
Actinobacilli (T pyogens)
Lower jaw and popliteal LN
Can be associated with Sys Dz
Open drain and Ab
Bacterial Dz
Draining fistulas
Lumpy jaw - actinomyces bovis
Wooden tongue - actinobacillus ligniersii
Rain scald - Dermatophilosis congolensis
-wet weather, skin microtrauma
-topical disinfectant, penicillin
Viral Dz
Papillomatosis - warts
- common and self limiting (can remove Sx)
Stomatitis/vesicular Dz
-self limiting
-papular stomatitis - muzzle
-herpes mammilitis - udders
-may indicate systemic Dz
Nutritional
Deficiencies
Poor coat
Responds to multivitamin injections
Cu def/ Mb tox
-poor growth, brown tinged coat w/ glasses
Toxic
Photosensitisation
Unpigmented skin affected
Photodynamic agents ingested
2° hepatogenous damage
House out of sun
Tx CS
Sheep
Rubbing- pruritus
Wool break- nutritional, systemic Dz
Trapping
Dog attacks
Psoroptes ovis
Sheep scab
Allergic reaction to mites and faeces
Concentric wool loss with scaling and crusting
Dermatitis 2° Dz
Slow Dz
Dx- skin scrape
Tx- OP dip
Mandatory Tx in England
Whole flock recommended
Bovicola ovis
Pediculosis
Often incidental finding
Pruritis
Dx- macroscopic in fleece, skin scrape
Underlying cause
Shear flock
Topical SP
Orf
Viral zoonosis
Mouth, feet, teats (lambs and mastitis ewes)
Self limiting (<1m)
Biosecurity important
Ab for 2° Dz
Vax (not in naive flocks)
Clinical signs of urinary Dz
Abdominal pain – pyelonephritis, calculi.
Dysuria – pyelonephritis, calculi, cystitis, (vaginitis).
Haematuria ± pus ±calculi.
Polyuria – diabetes mellitus (post FMD), diabetes insipidus, idiopathic (calves).
Anuria – obstruction by calculi.
Oliguria – prerenal, renal or post renal.
Proteinuria – renal amyloidosis - breed.
Normal urine
1.02-1.045
Alkaline pH
Trace protein
Trace glucose
Renal Dz
Pyelonephritis
Toxic nephrosis
Amyloidosis - glomerulonephritis
Embolic nephritis - post septic event
Pyelonephritis
Corynebacterium renale, some E coli
Suckler cows, 2° to trauma
CS- Chr weight loss, dysuria, blood and pus in urine
-Per-Rect - swollen painful kidney
Tx- long course AB (oxytet)
Enzootic haematuria
Haemangiomata in bladder
Long term bracken ingestion,
-bright blindness, gut tumours, bone marrow tox, bloody D+
Older cows
Blood clots in urine
Haemaglobinuria
Bacilliary- SW UK, fluke, soil& dormant in liver, fatal
Post part- Old high yielders, low P diet
-sudden onset
-Tx-P (catasol) and blood transfusion
Redwater
-babesia divergens (I ricinus)
-port wine urine, pipe stem faeces
-blood smear, ELISA (herd exposure)
-Tx imidocarb, support
Urolithiasis general
2-4m ram lambs/ pre breeding lambs
Mature goats (early castration)
Bull beef calves
Ca or struvite
Ca:P imbalance, H2O deprivation, diet change (mature animals)
Burdizzo incompetence
-placed too high, rupture urethra, water belly signs
Urolithiasis presentation
Restlessness
Abdominal pain
Strain (hiccups?)
Dysuria
Progress until rupture
-upon rupture will appear better
–high urea and creatinine in abdominal fluid
