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NRSG 102: Med Surg 1 > Exam 3: Chapter 71 - Management of PAtietns with Infectious Diseases > Flashcards

Exam 3: Chapter 71 - Management of PAtietns with Infectious Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Normal Route of Chain of Infection?

A

Infectious Agent -> Reservoirs -> Portal of Exit -> Route of Transmission -> Portal of Entry -> Susceptible Host

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2
Q

Whats included in Infectious Agent?

A

Bacteria, Fungi, Viruses, Rickettsia, Protozoa

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3
Q

Whats included in Reservoirs?

A

People, Equipmenet, Water

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4
Q

Whats included in Portal of Exit?

A

Excretions, SEcretions, Skin, Droplets

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5
Q

Whats included in Route of Transmission?

A

Direct Contact, Ingeestion, Fomites, Airborne

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6
Q

Whats included in Portal of Entry?

A

Mucous Memebrane, GI Tract, GU Tract, REspiraotry TRact, and Broken Skin

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7
Q

Whats included in Suspectible Host?

A

Immunosuppression, Diabetes, Surgery, Burns, Elderly

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8
Q

Colonization description?

A

Describes microorganisms present without host interference or interaction

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9
Q

Infection description?

A

Indicates host interaction with an organization

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10
Q

Disease in a host?

A

The infected host displays a decline in wellness due to the infection

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11
Q

Microbiology reports from clinical specimens usually show what three components?

A

The smear and stain, the culture and organism identification, and the anti microbial susceptibility

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12
Q

Information Resources for Diseases?

A 
World Health Organization (WHO)
CDC
OSHA
Local Agencies
Hospital/Facility Infection Control Specialists and Facilitiy Policies
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13
Q

Isolation Precautions are guidelines to

A

prevent the transmission of microorganisms in hospitals

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14
Q

What are the two tiers of precautions?

A

Standard Precautions and TRansmission-Based Precautions

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15
Q

What are STandard Precautions?

A

Designed for the care of all patients in the hospital and is the primary strategy for preventing HAIs

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16
Q

What is a Transmission-Based Precaution?

A

Designed for care of patients with known or suspected infectious diseases spread by airborne, droplet, or contact routes

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17
Q

Standard Precautions used for all patients include

A

Glove, Masks, Eye Protection, Cover Gowns and properly handling of patient care equipment

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18
Q

In ICU or other locations in which virulent or resistant organisms are likely to be present, what can be used?

A

Antimicrobial agents may be used.

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19
Q

When should hand hygiene be performed

A

When you enter and exit, adn when they hands are soiled. You cannot use hand santizer if the patietn has C. Diff

20
Q

Gloves should be worn when

A

a health care worker has any contact with any patent secretions or excretions and must be discarded after each patient care contact

21
Q

What type of gloves are preffered?

A

LAtex or Nitrile Gloves

22
Q

Airbrone Precautions used for those with

A

Measles
Varicella
Tuberculosis

23
Q

Droplet Precautions include

A

H. Influenza Type Disease: Meningitis, Pneumonia, Epiglottis

Invasive eNeisseria

Other SErious bacterial respiratory infections

Serious viral infections spread by droplet

24
Q

COntact PRecautions include

A

GI or Skin Wounds

C Diff

Herpes
Ulcers
Scabies
Zoster

25
Q

Airborne precautions required for patients with

A

presumed or proved pulmonary TB, Varicella, or other airborne bathogens

26
Q

Airborne Precautions: When hospitalized, patients hsould be in

A

airborne infection isolations rooms, enginnered to provide negative air pressure. HEalth care providers should wear N95 respirators.

27
Q

Droplet Precautions: Used for

A

organisms such as influenza or miningococcus that can be transmitted by close contact wiht respiratory or pharyngeal secretions. Should we face mask

28
Q

For Contact Precautions:

A

Patient should be placed in private room to facilitate hand hygiene

29
Q

What is C. Diff?

A

A spore forming bacterium that has significant HAI potential

30
Q

C. Diff infection usually preceded by

A

antibiotic agents that disrupt normal intestinal flora and allow the antibiotic resistnt C. Diff spores to proliferate within the intestine

31
Q

BEst way to kill C. Diff?

A

Bleach-based cleaning products are optimal because bleach can kill spores.

32
Q

What is MRSA?

A

A common human pathogen that is resistant to methicillin or its comparable pharmaceutical agents, oxacillin and nafcillin

33
Q

Heath care providers transmit MRSA easily because

A

S. Aureus has an affinity for skin colonization

34
Q

Control for MRSA?

A

CDC recommends contact precautions for patients with MRSA.

35
Q

VRE usully found in GI tract

A

YEs

36
Q

VRE therapy includes

A

penicillin formulations, vanocomcin in combination with an aminoglycoside or linezolid

37
Q

SyGeneralized signs of chronic infection include

A

weight loss or pallor associated with anemia of chronic diseases

38
Q

Acute infection may manifest with

A

fever, chills, lymphadenopathy, or rash

39
Q

localized signs vary by

A

source of infection

40
Q

what is strongly associated with localized infection?

A

purulent drainag,e pain, edema, and redness

41
Q

Diagnosis of Patient with Infectious Disease

A

Risk for Infection TRansmission
Deficient Knowledge
Risk for Ineffective Thermoregulation

42
Q

Collaborative Problems / Potential Complications

A 
Septicemia, BActermia, or Sepsis
Septic Shock
Dehydration
Abscess Formation
Endocarditis
Infectious Disease
Infertility
Congenital Abnormals (if getting sick while pregnant)Ma
43
Q

Major goal of someone with infectious disease?

A

Preventing the spread of infection, increase knowledge about infection and its treatment, control of fever, and releated discomforts and absence of complciations

44
Q

Interventions for infectious?

A 
PErform Handwashing
Excercise Standard Precautions
Recognize Mode of transmission
Teach about infectious process
Assess and treat fever
45
Q

Diarrhea can lead to

A

low potassium, low electrolyte imbalance, dehydration

46
Q

Diarrhea Assessment

A

Assess through skin turgor, blood pressure, heart rate, I/O, specific gravity, mental status

NRSG 102: Med Surg 1 (52 decks)

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