Exam 3: Chapter 71 - Management of PAtietns with Infectious Diseases Flashcards
Normal Route of Chain of Infection?
Infectious Agent -> Reservoirs -> Portal of Exit -> Route of Transmission -> Portal of Entry -> Susceptible Host
Whats included in Infectious Agent?
Bacteria, Fungi, Viruses, Rickettsia, Protozoa
Whats included in Reservoirs?
People, Equipmenet, Water
Whats included in Portal of Exit?
Excretions, SEcretions, Skin, Droplets
Whats included in Route of Transmission?
Direct Contact, Ingeestion, Fomites, Airborne
Whats included in Portal of Entry?
Mucous Memebrane, GI Tract, GU Tract, REspiraotry TRact, and Broken Skin
Whats included in Suspectible Host?
Immunosuppression, Diabetes, Surgery, Burns, Elderly
Colonization description?
Describes microorganisms present without host interference or interaction
Infection description?
Indicates host interaction with an organization
Disease in a host?
The infected host displays a decline in wellness due to the infection
Microbiology reports from clinical specimens usually show what three components?
The smear and stain, the culture and organism identification, and the anti microbial susceptibility
Information Resources for Diseases?
World Health Organization (WHO) CDC OSHA Local Agencies Hospital/Facility Infection Control Specialists and Facilitiy Policies
Isolation Precautions are guidelines to
prevent the transmission of microorganisms in hospitals
What are the two tiers of precautions?
Standard Precautions and TRansmission-Based Precautions
What are STandard Precautions?
Designed for the care of all patients in the hospital and is the primary strategy for preventing HAIs
What is a Transmission-Based Precaution?
Designed for care of patients with known or suspected infectious diseases spread by airborne, droplet, or contact routes
Standard Precautions used for all patients include
Glove, Masks, Eye Protection, Cover Gowns and properly handling of patient care equipment
In ICU or other locations in which virulent or resistant organisms are likely to be present, what can be used?
Antimicrobial agents may be used.
When should hand hygiene be performed
When you enter and exit, adn when they hands are soiled. You cannot use hand santizer if the patietn has C. Diff
Gloves should be worn when
a health care worker has any contact with any patent secretions or excretions and must be discarded after each patient care contact
What type of gloves are preffered?
LAtex or Nitrile Gloves
Airbrone Precautions used for those with
Measles
Varicella
Tuberculosis
Droplet Precautions include
H. Influenza Type Disease: Meningitis, Pneumonia, Epiglottis
Invasive eNeisseria
Other SErious bacterial respiratory infections
Serious viral infections spread by droplet
COntact PRecautions include
GI or Skin Wounds
C Diff
Herpes
Ulcers
Scabies
Zoster
Airborne precautions required for patients with
presumed or proved pulmonary TB, Varicella, or other airborne bathogens
Airborne Precautions: When hospitalized, patients hsould be in
airborne infection isolations rooms, enginnered to provide negative air pressure. HEalth care providers should wear N95 respirators.
Droplet Precautions: Used for
organisms such as influenza or miningococcus that can be transmitted by close contact wiht respiratory or pharyngeal secretions. Should we face mask
For Contact Precautions:
Patient should be placed in private room to facilitate hand hygiene
What is C. Diff?
A spore forming bacterium that has significant HAI potential
C. Diff infection usually preceded by
antibiotic agents that disrupt normal intestinal flora and allow the antibiotic resistnt C. Diff spores to proliferate within the intestine
BEst way to kill C. Diff?
Bleach-based cleaning products are optimal because bleach can kill spores.
What is MRSA?
A common human pathogen that is resistant to methicillin or its comparable pharmaceutical agents, oxacillin and nafcillin
Heath care providers transmit MRSA easily because
S. Aureus has an affinity for skin colonization
Control for MRSA?
CDC recommends contact precautions for patients with MRSA.
VRE usully found in GI tract
YEs
VRE therapy includes
penicillin formulations, vanocomcin in combination with an aminoglycoside or linezolid
SyGeneralized signs of chronic infection include
weight loss or pallor associated with anemia of chronic diseases
Acute infection may manifest with
fever, chills, lymphadenopathy, or rash
localized signs vary by
source of infection
what is strongly associated with localized infection?
purulent drainag,e pain, edema, and redness
Diagnosis of Patient with Infectious Disease
Risk for Infection TRansmission
Deficient Knowledge
Risk for Ineffective Thermoregulation
Collaborative Problems / Potential Complications
Septicemia, BActermia, or Sepsis Septic Shock Dehydration Abscess Formation Endocarditis Infectious Disease Infertility Congenital Abnormals (if getting sick while pregnant)Ma
Major goal of someone with infectious disease?
Preventing the spread of infection, increase knowledge about infection and its treatment, control of fever, and releated discomforts and absence of complciations
Interventions for infectious?
PErform Handwashing Excercise Standard Precautions Recognize Mode of transmission Teach about infectious process Assess and treat fever
Diarrhea can lead to
low potassium, low electrolyte imbalance, dehydration
Diarrhea Assessment
Assess through skin turgor, blood pressure, heart rate, I/O, specific gravity, mental status
