Exam 2: Chapter 47 - Diarrhea

Question 1

What is Diarrhea

Answer 1

Increased frequency of bowel movements (>3 /day) with altered consistency (increased liquidity of stool)

Question 2

Diarrhea cna be associated with

Answer 2

urgency, perianal discomfort, incontinence, nausea, or a combination of these factors

Question 3

Acute diarrhea lasts

Answer 3

1-2 days, may be because they dont have bacteria present because of viral infection

Question 4

persistent diarrhea lasts

Answer 4

2-4 weeks, and caused by viral infections, chemotherapy, drugs

Question 5

Causes of Diarrhea?

Answer 5

Infections, Medications, Tube Feeding Formulas, Metabolic and Endocrine Disorders , and Various Disease Processes

Question 6

How can they prevent Diarrhea in terms of bacteria?

Answer 6

Patient may be prescribed a probiotic, encouragin the growth of bacteria in the GI

Question 7

Acute and persistent diarrheas are classified as either

Answer 7

noninflammatory (large volume) or inflammatory (small volume)

Question 8

What do Enteric Pathogens do?

Answer 8

The ones that are noninvasive do not cause inflmattion but secrete toxins that disrupt colinic fluid transport. Cause noninflammatory diarrhea which is characterized by large volume of loose, watery stools

Question 9

Types of chronic diarrhea include

Answer 9

secretory, osmotic, malabsorptive, infectious, and exudative

Question 10

what is secretory diarrhea

Answer 10

usualaly a high-volume diarrhea. Often associated with bacterial toxins and chemotherapeutic agents used to treat neoplasms, and it is caused by increased production and secretion of water and electrolytes by the intestinal mucosa into the intestinal lumen

Question 11

What is osmotic diarrhea

Answer 11

Occurs when water is pulled into the intesetines by the osmotic pressure of unasborbed particles, slowing the reabsorption of water

Question 12

What is malabsorptive diarrhea

Answer 12

combines mechanical and biochemical actions, inhibiting effective absorption of nutrients.

Question 13

What is infectious diarrhea

Answer 13

results from infectious agents invading the intestinal mucosa.

Question 14

What is exudative diarrhea

Answer 14

Caused by changes in mucosal integrity, epithelial loss, or tissue destruction by radiation or chemotherapy

Question 15

Clinical Manifestaitons

Answer 15

Abdominal Cramps

Distention

Borborygmus (Rumbling noise caused by the movement of gas through the intestines),

Anorexia,

Thirst

Question 16

Voluminous, greasy stools suggest

Answer 16

intestinal malabsorption (impaired transport across the mucosa)

Question 17

presence of blood, mucus, and pus in the stool suggests

Answer 17

inflammatory enteritis or colitis

Question 18

Test to perform?

Answer 18

CBC;

Serum Chemistries,;

Urinalysis;

Routine Stool Examination; and

Stool Exmination for Infectious or Parasitic Organisms , bacterial toxins, blood, fat, and electrolytes and WBCs

Question 19

Complications?

Answer 19

Dehydration (Most Common)

Loss of Potassium -> Caridac Dysrhythmias

Loss Bicarbonate -> Matbolic Acidosis

Question 20

Urinary Output less than 30 mL fpr 2-3 hours can lead to

Answer 20

muscle weakness, Paresthesia, Hypotension.

Question 21

What electrolyte imbalance can easily occur with diarrhea?

Answer 21

Hypokalemia

Question 22

Medical Management?

Answer 22

Infection control measures that restrict C. Diff.

Certain medications and antidiarrheal agents may be prescribed. Most common is loperamide

Question 23

During an eipisode of diarrhea, patient is encouraged to

Answer 23

increase intake of liquids and foods low in bulk until the symptoms subside.

Question 24

What drug is now banned since it can cause Europehea

Answer 24

Imodium. If you take enough, you will be like this for 30 minutes