Exam 1: Chapter 53: Assessment of Kidney Functions Flashcards
Functions of Kidney
Urine Formation Excertion of Waste Products Regulation of Electrolytes Regulation of Acid-Base Control of Water Balance Control of Blood Pressure Renal Clearance Regulation of RBC Prod Synthesis of Vitamin D to Active Form Secretion of Prostaglandins
Urine Formation: Formed in
Nephrons through glomerular filtration -> tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion
Urine Formation: What is usually excreted in urine?
Sodium, Chloride, Bicarbonate, Potassium, Glucose, Urea, Creatine, and Uric Acid
Antidiuretic Hormone: Also known as
Vasopressin
Antidiuretic Hormone: What is this?
Secreted by posterior portion of pituitary gland is response to changes in osmolality in blood .
Antidiuretic Hormone: With decreased water intake, what happens to blodo osmolaity?/
Increased. This stimulates ADH reelase
Antidiuretic Hormone: Acts on what organ ____ and does ___
kidney, increase reabsorption fo water and returning osmolality of blodo to normal
Antidiuretic Hormone: Excess water intake leads to
secretion of ADH, and leads to diuresis (increased urine volumme)
Antidiuretic Hormone: A dilute urine with SpG of 1.010 and osmolality of 300 mOsm/L indicates
inability to concentrate and dilute urine
Osmolarity: This refers to
the ratio of solute to water
1 lb of fluid equal to ? mL
500 mL
Regulation of Electrolyte Excretion: With increased aldosterone in the blood.
less sodium is excreted in the urine
Regulation of Electrolyte Excretion: Release of Aldosterone form adrenal cortex largely under control of
Angiotensin II
Regulation of Electrolyte Excretion: RAAS activated when
pressure in the renal arterioles falls below nromal levels . Occurs with shock, dehydration, or decreased sodium chloride delivery
Regulation of Acid-Base: Normal serum pH is
7.35 - 7.45
Regulation of Acid-Base: One of kidneys function to keep this balanced is to
reabsorb and reutrn ot the body circulation any bicarbonate from the urinary filtrate
Autoregulation of Blood Pressure: Specialized vessels of the kidney called vasa recta monitor
blodo pressure as blood begins passage into the kidney
Autoregulation of Blood Pressure: When vasa recta detect decrease in blood pressure,
afferent artiole, distal tibule and juxtaglomerular cells secrete renin
Autoregulation of Blood Pressure: Renin convets
Angiotensinogen into Angiotensin I, which is then converted in Angiotensin II. This causes blood pressure to increase
Autoregulation of Blood Pressure: Adrenal cortex secretes aldosterone in response to
stimulation by pituitary gland , which occurs asresponse to poor perfusion or increasing serum osmolality. results in increase of bp
Autoregulation of Blood Pressure: Failure to stop Renin is one of the primary causes of
hypertension
Renal Clearance: This refers to
the ability of the kidney to clear solutes from the plasma
Renal Clearance: Primary test?
24 hour collection of urine used to evaluate how well the kidney performs
Renal Clearance: Renal clearance depends on what several factors?
How quickly substance is filtered across the glomerulus
how much the substance is reabsorbed along the tubules
how much the substance is secreted into tubules