Exam 1: Chapter 53 Vocab

Question 1

Aldosterone

Answer 1

Hormone synthesized and released by the adrenal cortex; causes the kidneys to absorb sodium

Question 2

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

Answer 2

Hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary gland; causes the kidneys to reabsorb more water; also called vasopressin

Question 3

Anuria

Answer 3

Decreased urine output of less than 50 mL in 24 hours

Question 4

Bacteriuria

Answer 4

Bacteria in the urine

Question 5

Creatinine

Answer 5

Endogenous waste product of muscle energy metabolism

Question 6

Diuresis

Answer 6

Increased urine volume

Question 7

Dysuria

Answer 7

Painful or difficult urination

Question 8

Frequency

Answer 8

Voiding more frequently than every 3 hours

Question 9

Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)

Answer 9

Amount of plasma filtered through the glomeruli per unit of time

Question 10

Glomerulus

Answer 10

Tuft of capillaries forming part of the nephron through which filtration occurs

Question 11

Hematuria

Answer 11

Red blood cells in the urine

Question 12

Micturition

Answer 12

Urination or voiding

Question 13

Nephron

Answer 13

Structural and functional unit of the kidney responsible for urine formation

Question 14

Nocturia

Answer 14

Awakening at night to urinate

Question 15

Oliguria

Answer 15

Urine output less than 0,5 mL/kg/hr

Question 16

Proteinuria

Answer 16

Protein in the urine

Question 17

Pyuria

Answer 17

White blood cells in the urine

Question 18

Renal Clearance

Answer 18

Ability of the kidneys to clear solutes from the plasma

Question 19

Renal Glycosuria

Answer 19

Excretion of glucose in the urine

Question 20

Specific Gravity

Answer 20

Expression of the degree of concentration of the urine

Question 21

Urea Nitrogen

Answer 21

End product of protein metabolism