Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbio Ex 1 > Ex 2- Small Gram- Negative Pathogens-Chlamydia, Rickettsia, Ehrlichia- Bailey > Flashcards

Ex 2- Small Gram- Negative Pathogens-Chlamydia, Rickettsia, Ehrlichia- Bailey Flashcards

1
Q

______ is a small gram negative bacteria (LPS outer membrane and cytoplasmic membrane) with no peptidoglycan in cell walls but genes are present (structure analagous to murein)

A

chlamydiae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Chlamydia is an _______ intracellular pathogen that grows only inside cells or on live tissues ie humans, animals, insects, protozoa (small genome)

A

obligate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Chlamydia are “energy parasites” that depend on _____ for ATP

A

host

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Chlamydiae have a _____ developmental cycle

A

complex; diff in metabolism when in cells to compared to when in EC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the 4 recognized species of

A

C. trachomatis
C. pneumonia
C. psittacia
C. pecorum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the two species of chlamydia that are primarily human pathogens?

A

C.trachomatis

C.pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the two species of chlamydia that are primarily animal pathogens that sometimes can cause disease in humans

A

C. psittacia

C.pecorum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Chlamydiae is the leading cause of preventable _____ in the world

A

blindness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Chlamydiae is the most common agent of ______ transmitted bacterial infections

A

sexually

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

There is speculation that every living adult has had ______ caused by C.peneumoniae

A

pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How is chlamydiae transmitted?

A

droplet or direct contact infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Chlamydiae infects ________ _______ cells, localized to; (eyes, lungs, genitalia)

A

mucosal epithelial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Chlamydiae is spread by the _____ ____

A

4 F’s

  • fingers
  • flies
  • fomites
  • fornication
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the symptoms of chlamydiae trachomatis genital tract infections in men?

A
  • prostititis

- epididymitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the symptoms of C. trachomatis in females?

A
  • cervicitis
  • PID
  • premature births
  • pelvic pain
  • newborn eye/lung infections
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What symptoms of C. trachomatis are found in both males and females?

A

urethritis
infertility
proctitis
arthritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

C. trachomatis infections are usually asymptomatic in _______ and chronic and repeat infections can result in ________

A
  • females

- sterility and/or ectopic pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

C. trachomatis infections may be acute or ______ and have a _____ period where the organisms location is unknown

A

chronic

silent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

_________ carriage of C. trachomatis results in most damage and scarring

A

asymptomatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

During birth, infants can contract a C. trachomatis infection leading to _______ and _____

A

conjunctivitis

pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

_______ _______ are transmitted from one person to the next (infectious) , non-replicating, enter into epithelial cells and masquerade as nutrients, growth factors, and hormones to bind to specific receptors

A

elementary bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

elementary bodies (EB) are internalized by ______ -______ endoycytosis

A

receptor mediated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

EB modify the endocytic vesicle in what two ways?

A
  • maintain pH above 6.2 (neutralizes pH)

- prevents vesicle from fusion with lysosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How is the endocytic vesicle modified by the host?

A

modified with host glycolipids for camouflage from immune system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Infections EB change into larger intracellular active organisms know as ________ _______
reticulate bodies (RB)
26
Reticulate bodies synthesize _______ using host metabolites and energy
molecules
27
Reticulate bodies divide by _______ ______ and develop slowly (2-3 days per cycle)
binary fusion
28
Reticulate bodies take up nutrients through ____ -____ structures that allow them to feed on the eukaryotic host cell without leaving the ________ vacoule
- tube-like ("drinking straws") | - inclusion
29
____ - ____ tube like structures protrude from bacterial cell cytoplasm into host cell cytoplasm
18-23
30
_______ is caused by the inflammation of the conjunctiva; can cause blindness and scarring of cornea
Trachoma (C. trachomatis)
31
Trachoma is spread by _____ _____with eye, nose, and throat secretions from affected ind. or contact with objects (towels, washcloths)
direct contact
32
_________ ______ is a STD that causes systemic, invasive infection apparent in the lymph nodes that drain the genital tract
lymphogranuloma venerum
33
Where is lymphogranuloma venerum common?
Developing countries; not common in US
34
Chlamydophila _______ is the most prevalent chlamydial pathogen in the human populations
pneumonia
35
___ % of ppl up to age 20 have been infected with Chlamydophila pneumonia and ___ % of older adults
50% | 80%
36
What are the symptoms of Chlamydophila pneumonia?
- usually asymptomatic or acute respiratory response | - chronic respiratory infections associated with asthma, CF, lung cancer
37
Chlamydophila pneumonia can be directly observed in 40-100% of patients with ________ heart lesions
atherosclerotic
38
Metabolic active _____ forms of Chlamydiae are targets of antimicrobials
RB (reticulate bodies)
39
What is the difficulty in treating chlamydiae?
4 membrane layers to penetrate
40
What are the 4 membrane layers that must be penetrated in order to treat chlamydiae?
- host cell - inclusion - chlamydial outer - chlamydial cytoplasmic
41
Chlamydial organisms grow _______ so antibiotics must be maintained for long periods
slow
42
_____ is a small gram negative rod that is an obligate intracellular bacteria
Rickettsiae
43
Rickettsiae infections can be transmitted from _____ to humans (zoonoses)
animals
44
Rickettsiae can synthesize _____ unlike chlamydiae and are capable of ______ metabolism
ATP | independent
45
Rickettsiae lack certain ________ necessary for grown and have no _____ or ______
metabolites flagella endospores
46
Rickettsiae must be cultivated in _______, embryonated egges, or cell cultures in the lab
animals
47
What are the 2 major diseases caused by Rickettsiae?
Rocky mountain spotted fever | typhus
48
How is Rickettsiae transmitted?
- Ticks (vectors) naturally infected - ticks feed on large mammals - bacteria spread during blood meal and spread in blood stream
49
Rickettsiae enters a cell by attaching to _______ ______ cells that induce endocytosis
vascular endothelial cells
50
Once Rickettsiae is inside the cell, the bacteria ______ the phagosome (phospholipase) and enters the cytosol (where replication occurs)
lyse
51
The mode of exit from host cell _____ depending on the type of Rickettsiae
varies
52
R. prowazekii exits the cell by ____ ____
cell lysis
53
R.ricketssii exits the cell by being ____ from the cell through local projections ( ______ )
extruded | filopodia
54
_______ in the host cell associates with R.ricketssii and the actin helps "push" the bacteria through the _____
actin | filopodia
55
R. tsutsugamushi exits the cell by ______ through the cell membrane
budding
56
R. tsutsugamushi remains _____ in the host cell membrane as it infects other cells
enveloped
57
Injuries to the host from Rickettsiae are proportional to the number of ______ bacteria
intracellular
58
The ____ of cells results in the leakage of blood (rash)- hemorrhagic spots
lysis
59
Organisms can travel to other vessels including the ___ and ____
heart | brain
60
____ % of patients with Rickettsiae will clear the infection even before antimicrobial treatment
75
61
R. ______ causes typhus fever that is transmitted by ______
prowazekii | lice
62
What is the reservoir of R. prowazekii?
humans and flying squirrels
63
R. _____ is more prevalent and widespread, murine typhus, and is transmitted by rats and rat fleas
typhi
64
_______ is an obligate intracellular bacteria that is transmitted by the lone star tick
Ehrlichia
65
Ehrlichia infects ______, _____ and ______
monocytes macrophages neutrophils
66
Ehrlichia causes human ________ ehlichiosis (HGE) and human ______ ehrlichiosis (HME)
granulocytic | monocytic
67
What are the symptoms of Ehrlichia?
fever, malaise, headache and myalgia
68
Ehrlichia develops within host cell _______ first as reticulate cells (RC) and then as ____-___ cells
- vacoules | - dense-core cells (DC)
69
Why is diagnosing Rickettsioses problematic?
- during 1st visit no fever or rash and may not be aware of tick bite - requires eukaryotic cell cultures or inoculation of animals - handling is notoriously hazardous
70
What are the clinical diagnostic tests for Rickettsioses?
antibody titers fluorescent antibody assay complement fixation latex agglutination
71
________ are the smallest organisms capable of growth on cell-free media
mycoplasma
72
Mycoplasma require ______ have ____ colonies and ____ growth
sterols (cholesterol) small slow
73
Mycoplasmas lack a ____ ____ and are not sensitive to penicillin
cell wall (no murein)
74
Mycoplasma cell membranes contain ____ and are found in other mammals and in birds
sterols
75
What are the 4 species of mycoplasmas that can cause disease?
M. pneumoniae M. genitalium M. hominis Ureaplasma urelyticum
76
M. _______ is the prototypical mycoplasma and causes primary atypical pneumonia
pneumoniae
77
M. _____, M. ____, ____ _____ cause genitourinary tract infections
M. genitalium M. hominis Ureaplasma urealyticum
78
Some mycoplasmas are a part of the normal human _____ flora
oral
79
______ are the only reservoir of M.pneumoniae
humans
80
How is M. pneumoniae transmitted?
- close contact groups - respiratory droplets - adhere to respiratory epithelium
81
Infections of M. pneumoniae are _____ to ______ contagious
mild to moderately
82
_______ pneumoniae is a primary atypical pneumonia that is not cleared by penicillin
"walking"
83
________ are the main cells of the inflammatory response
lymphocytes
84
M. pneumonia is largely limited to the _________ mucosa that lines the airways and do not get into the lung alveoli; bronchopneumonia
respiratory
85
M.pneumonia is not highly destructive of tissues but _____ function is impaired
ciliary
86
Tissue toxic substances include ______ and inflammatory mediators
H2O2
87
_______ _____ is another type of damage caused by M.pneumonia in which IgM (colad hemagglutinins) @ colder temperatures causes RBC's to stick together
hemolytic anemia
88
_______ and erythema mulitiforme (rash) are other damages caused by M.pneumonia
encephalitis
89
M. _______ is the newest emerging human pathogen
genitalium
90
M. genitalium causes what?
urethritis, cervicitis, endometritis, PID
91
M. genitalium is isolated from ______ and ______ fluids
synovial and respiratory

Microbio Ex 1 (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions