Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbio Ex 1 > Ex 2- Respiratory Viruses- Middleton > Flashcards

Ex 2- Respiratory Viruses- Middleton Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three types of influenza virus?

A

-A, B, C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Type __ influenza is the most common and associated with greatest concerns

A

A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the genome of influenza virus (orthomyxoviridae)?

A
  • 8 segments (-)ssRNA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The virion of influenza virus is _______

A

enveloped

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Influenza virus is identified by it’s _______ _____

A

surface antigens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

____ different serotypes and ____ different NA (neuraminidase) serotypes for influenza virus

A

16

9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Hemagglutinin (HA) protein is involved in cell ________

A

attachment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Neuraminidase (NA) protein is involved in viral _______ and _______

A

budding

release

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the major determinant if influenza virus is avian or human strain?

A

HA (hemagglutinin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Avian strains have α- , sialic acid linkages

A

α-2,3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Human strains have α-__, __ sialic acid linkages

A

α-2,6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

____ is the major determinant for human to human transmission

A

HA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Type __ Influenza has an animal reservoir

A

A; aquatic waterfowl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

HA protein’s role in cell ______ and cell ______ is well understood

A

attachment

entry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What triggers the conformation change after virus and host cell membrane attachment?

A

pH change in endosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The conformation change of the membrane triggered by the pH change causes ____ _____

A

membrane fusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Transcription and replication take place in the _______

A

nucleus; exception to rule bc it has (-)ssRNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

___ is critical to budding of the protected genome (RNP core) that escapes the cell nucleus

A

NA (neuraminidase)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How is influenza transmitted?

A

-aerosol, large and small droplets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

______ influenza particles has the greatest infectivity

A

small (<10 microns)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The incubation period for influenza virus is __- __ days

A

1-4 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

A person with influenza is contagious ___ days before symptom onset to __ days later, children infectious for longer

A

1

5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the symptoms of the seasonal (interpandemic) flu?

A
  • fever
  • malaise
  • nonproductive cough
  • sore throat
  • lasts 3-7 days after symptoms develop
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the currently circulating strains of influenza?

A

H3N2, H1N1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is the contagiousness of influenza?
Reproductive #: 1:2
26
What are some complications of influenza virus?
- viral pneumonia - baterial pneumonia - reye syndrome (Type B + aspirin) - otis media
27
What is used to prevent/control influenza?
- vaccine - antiviral treatment - tamiflu - supportive care
28
What type of vaccine is used against influenza virus?
- attenuated live vaccine | - donor virus w/ wild type HA/NA epitopes (swapped out)
29
Why are new vaccines required every year?
- antienic shift; virus mutations | - usually contains H3N2, H1N1, and type B strains
30
Antiviral treatment blocks ______, and inhibits ___ activity
entry | M2
31
Tamiflu blocks the release of _____ virions
budding
32
What are the 4 major pandemics of influenza?
- 1918 Spanish Flu (H1N1) - 1957 Asian Flu (H2N2) - 1968 Hong Kong Flu (H3N2) - 2009-2010 H1N1
33
Pandemics are thought to arise from ____ strains
avian
34
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) contains H __ or H__ strains
H5 or H7
35
HPAI strains have multi-basic residues at ___ cleavage sites that allow replication throughout the body
HA
36
What are the symptoms of HPAI?
skin lesions necrotic swollen combs systemic infection
37
What are the symptoms of low pathogenic avian influenza?
- asymptomatic to slight respiratory infections, no lesions
38
H5 and H7 strains can mutate to _____ strains
HPAI
39
H5N1 has a high ____ rate in humans
mortality
40
H5N1 was used in a dutch research study that showed that after 10 generations the virus was capable of ______ transmission btw animals
airbourne
41
Adenoviruses are characterized by their ______
serotypes
42
Different _____ are associated with different diseases
serotypes
43
What are the two most frequently studied adenovirus serotypes?
Ad 2 & 5
44
Serotypes 1,2,5,6 are associated with _____ infections
respiratory
45
Serotypes 4, 7 are associated with ______ infection
acute respiratory disease (ARD)
46
What is the genome of adenovirus?
dsDNA
47
The virion of adenovirus is ________
non-enveloped
48
How does adenovirus enter the cell?
- via coxsackie-adenovirus receptor (CAR) - pH triggered capsid disassembly - moves to nucleus
49
Gene expression of adenovirus occurs in ____ phases
3
50
What are the 3 phases of adenovirus gene expression?
Immediate-early Early Late
51
The immediate-early phase of gene expression in adenovirus involves the _____ portion of the genome
E1A; 2 transcriptional regulators
52
The early phase of gene expression in adenovirus involves __ genome sections involved in DNA replicaiton and post transcriptional events
5 genome sections; E1B, E2-4, L1
53
The late phase of gene expression in adenovirus involves the take over of cellular _____ synthesis
mRNA
54
Genome replication of adenovirus can be initiated at ______ end
either end bc identical end sequences
55
Cell cycle regulation involves?
DNA replication occurs during S phase; not all cells are actively replicating
56
E1A inactivates ____ leading to S phase gene expression
pRb
57
E1B inactivates ____ leading to S phase and preventing apoptosis
p53
58
___ gene expression produces proteins important to host immune evasion
E3
59
E3 blocks _____ class I expression reducing CTL cell killing
MHC
60
E3 blocks ____ induced apoptosis
TNF
61
E3 blocks IFN-alpha and IFN beta action keeping protein ______ active
translation
62
______ infections are very common as a result of adenovirus
respiratory
63
Respiratory infections account for ___ - ____% of all viral infections with ___% occurring before age 14
5-10% | 75%
64
What are the symptoms of respiratory infections caused by adenovirus?
same symptoms of common cold | - nasal congestion, inflammation, cough
65
Adenovirus serotypes __, __, ___, ___ cause respiratory infections
1,2,5,6
66
Acute respiratory disease is caused by adenovirus serotypes __, __
4,7
67
What is the prevention of acute respiratory disease that the troops use?
vaccine available for military personnel 17-50 yrs old
68
Adenovirus is frequently used as a ____ for gene therapy
vector
69
_____ is a frequent cause of mild upper respiratory infections
rhinovirus
70
Rhinovirus has a large _____ _____ with over 100 serotypes
antigenic diversity;makes vaccine development impractival
71
_____ are the only reservoir of rhinovirus
humans
72
Rhinovirus attaches to _____ _____ _____ ___ or the very low density (VLDL) lipoprotein receptor
ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule 1)
73
The incubation period for rhinovirus is __ - __ days
1-4 days
74
Rhinovirus duration is __ - __ days with detectable virus shedding
2-3 days
75
Rhinovirus shedding sometimes detected up to __ ____ afterwards
3 weeks
76
What are the symptoms of rhinovirus?
- red nose (hyperemic, blood vessel dilation, nasal discharge that becomes mucopurulent (neutrophils), epithelial damage (immune response)
77
What are the prevention techniques to the rhinovirus?
- no vaccines; too many serotypes | - no antivirals; resistant mutants
78
What is the genome of rhinovirus?
(+)ssRNA
79
The virion for rhinovirus is ________
non-enveloped

Microbio Ex 1 (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions