Ex 2- Neurological Viruses-Middleton

Question 1

How are togaviruses and flavivurses transmitted?

Answer 1

via vector (arthropod transmission)

Question 2

What are the most common vectors for arthropod transmission?

Answer 2

• mosquitoes; culiset, aedes, culex

- ticks

Question 3

What are the most common reservoirs?

Answer 3

• birds

- small mammals (rodents)

Question 4

Transmission requires _____ in the vector

Answer 4

replication

Question 5

Viruses are transmitted in the ______

Answer 5

saliva

Question 6

_______ ______ determined by vector and reservoir habitat

Answer 6

geographic location

Question 7

What is the genome for eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) and venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE)-togaviridae?

Answer 7

(+) ssRNA

Question 8

The virion is _______ in EEE & VEE

Answer 8

enveloped

Question 9

EEE & VEE replicate in the _____

Answer 9

cytoplasm

Question 10

How is EEE & VEE virus transmitted?

Answer 10

bite of infected arthropod

Question 11

How does EEE & VEE virus exit the cell?

Answer 11

via budding

Question 12

EEE & VEE infect cells _____ and/or carried by ______ cells to LN

Answer 12

• locally

- langerhans

Question 13

EEE & VEE virus replicated and released into the ______

Answer 13

bloodstream and can infect CNS

Question 14

What is the incubation period of EEE?

Answer 14

4-10 days

Question 15

What are the symptoms of systemic disease (acute infection) caused by EEE?

Answer 15

-chills, fever, malaise, arthralgia, myalgia

Question 16

Systemic disease lasts __- __ weeks; for full recovery

Answer 16

1-2

Question 17

5% of EEE infections cause _______ disease

Answer 17

encephalitic

Question 18

What are the symptoms of encephalitic disease caused by EEE?

Answer 18

• fever, headache, irritability, restlessness, vomiting, diarrhea, convulsions, and coma

Question 19

__ / __ of encephalitic cases die from the disease __ to __ days after onset

Answer 19

-1/3

2-10 days

Question 20

Those who recover from encephalitic EEE can have _____ term _____

Answer 20

-long term sequelae

seizures, personality disorders, paralysis

Question 21

What is used for prevention for EEE & VEE?

Answer 21

• single vaccine (TC-83)
• provided for at risk ppl
• no treatment
• mosquito control and repellant

Question 22

EEE neurovirulence is more prevalent in the ______ united states

Answer 22

eastern; warm humid locations in south

Question 23

The incubation period for west nile virus is ___ - ___ days

Answer 23

2-14 days

Question 24

___% of ppl with west nile virus are asymptomatic

Answer 24

80%

Question 25

___% of ppl get infected with west nile virus and have illness

Answer 25

20%

Question 26

What are the symptoms of west nile virus?

Answer 26

-fever, headache, fatigue | duration of 3-6 days

Question 27

_______ disease in <1% of ppl with west nile virus

Answer 27

neuroinvasive

Question 28

What are the symptoms of ppl with neuroinvasive disease from west nile virus?

Answer 28

- aseptic meningitis - encephalitis - flaccid paralysis - altered mental state - tremors

Question 29

___% of survivors of neuroinvasive disease have sequeleae __ months later

Answer 29

50% | -12

Question 30

What are the prevention and control strategies for west nile virus?

Answer 30

no vaccine no treatment mosquito control strategies mosquito repellant

Question 31

Why is west nile virus more prevalent across the US than EEE or VEE?

Answer 31

- bc west nile has migratory bird reservoir and EEE/VEE more localized

Question 32

Rabies virus (rhabdoviridae) has what type of genome?

Answer 32

(-)ssRNA

Question 33

Rabies virus has a virion that is ______

Answer 33

enveloped

Question 34

Rabies virus has broad ____

Answer 34

tropism (can infect many different hosts)

Question 35

Rabies virus replicates in the ______

Answer 35

cytoplasm

Question 36

______ order dictates abundance of transcripts and proteins in rabies virus

Answer 36

genome

Question 37

Binding of ___ protein to ____ triggers genome replication

Answer 37

N (nucleoprotein) | RNA

Question 38

The rabies virus frequently produces defective ______ particles

Answer 38

interfering

Question 39

Rabies virus is transmitted by the _____ of an infected _____

Answer 39

- bite | - animal

Question 40

___% of bites causes disease; ____% if on face or head

Answer 40

15 | 60

Question 41

What are the reservoirs of rabies?

Answer 41

- bats, skunks, raccoons, dogs

Question 42

Rabies is a common disease of ____ in developing countries; common source of human rabies deaths

Answer 42

dogs

Question 43

The incubation period of rabies is ___ - ___ months depending on location of bite

Answer 43

1-3 months

Question 44

How does rabies spread throughout the body?

Answer 44

- replicates locally | - finds neurons and goes to brain, then to periphery (salivary glands)

Question 45

What are the symptoms of rabies?

Answer 45

- prickling or itching where bitten, fever, headache - hydrophobia - cerebral dysfunction, anxiety, confusion,delirium, hallucinations, and insomnia

Question 46

______ is difficulty swallowing ,even saliva, leads to "foaming at the mouth"

Answer 46

hydrophobia

Question 47

What is the outcome of rabies?

Answer 47

once symptoms appear, disease is nearly always fatal (10 documented survivals)

Question 48

What is the prevention of rabies?

Answer 48

- vaccine | - post exposure prophylaxis

Question 49

Post exposure prophylaxis should be administered _____ or bites that break skin

Answer 49

immediately (not very immunogenic so multiple inoculations needed)

Question 50

What is used to control rabies virus?

Answer 50

- vaccination of domestic animals | - vaccination of wildlife