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Microbio Ex 1 > Ex 2- Neurological Viruses-Middleton > Flashcards

Ex 2- Neurological Viruses-Middleton Flashcards

1
Q

How are togaviruses and flavivurses transmitted?

A

via vector (arthropod transmission)

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2
Q

What are the most common vectors for arthropod transmission?

A
  • mosquitoes; culiset, aedes, culex

- ticks

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3
Q

What are the most common reservoirs?

A
  • birds

- small mammals (rodents)

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4
Q

Transmission requires _____ in the vector

A

replication

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5
Q

Viruses are transmitted in the ______

A

saliva

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6
Q

_______ ______ determined by vector and reservoir habitat

A

geographic location

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7
Q

What is the genome for eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) and venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE)-togaviridae?

A

(+) ssRNA

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8
Q

The virion is _______ in EEE & VEE

A

enveloped

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9
Q

EEE & VEE replicate in the _____

A

cytoplasm

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10
Q

How is EEE & VEE virus transmitted?

A

bite of infected arthropod

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11
Q

How does EEE & VEE virus exit the cell?

A

via budding

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12
Q

EEE & VEE infect cells _____ and/or carried by ______ cells to LN

A
  • locally

- langerhans

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13
Q

EEE & VEE virus replicated and released into the ______

A

bloodstream and can infect CNS

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14
Q

What is the incubation period of EEE?

A

4-10 days

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15
Q

What are the symptoms of systemic disease (acute infection) caused by EEE?

A

-chills, fever, malaise, arthralgia, myalgia

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16
Q

Systemic disease lasts __- __ weeks; for full recovery

A

1-2

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17
Q

5% of EEE infections cause _______ disease

A

encephalitic

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18
Q

What are the symptoms of encephalitic disease caused by EEE?

A
  • fever, headache, irritability, restlessness, vomiting, diarrhea, convulsions, and coma
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19
Q

__ / __ of encephalitic cases die from the disease __ to __ days after onset

A

-1/3

2-10 days

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20
Q

Those who recover from encephalitic EEE can have _____ term _____

A

-long term sequelae

seizures, personality disorders, paralysis

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21
Q

What is used for prevention for EEE & VEE?

A
  • single vaccine (TC-83)
  • provided for at risk ppl
  • no treatment
  • mosquito control and repellant
22
Q

EEE neurovirulence is more prevalent in the ______ united states

A

eastern; warm humid locations in south

23
Q

The incubation period for west nile virus is ___ - ___ days

A

2-14 days

24
Q

___% of ppl with west nile virus are asymptomatic

A

80%

25
Q

___% of ppl get infected with west nile virus and have illness

A

20%

26
Q

What are the symptoms of west nile virus?

A

-fever, headache, fatigue

duration of 3-6 days

27
Q

_______ disease in <1% of ppl with west nile virus

A

neuroinvasive

28
Q

What are the symptoms of ppl with neuroinvasive disease from west nile virus?

A
  • aseptic meningitis
  • encephalitis
  • flaccid paralysis
  • altered mental state
  • tremors
29
Q

___% of survivors of neuroinvasive disease have sequeleae __ months later

A

50%

-12

30
Q

What are the prevention and control strategies for west nile virus?

A

no vaccine
no treatment
mosquito control strategies
mosquito repellant

31
Q

Why is west nile virus more prevalent across the US than EEE or VEE?

A
  • bc west nile has migratory bird reservoir and EEE/VEE more localized
32
Q

Rabies virus (rhabdoviridae) has what type of genome?

A

(-)ssRNA

33
Q

Rabies virus has a virion that is ______

A

enveloped

34
Q

Rabies virus has broad ____

A

tropism (can infect many different hosts)

35
Q

Rabies virus replicates in the ______

A

cytoplasm

36
Q

______ order dictates abundance of transcripts and proteins in rabies virus

A

genome

37
Q

Binding of ___ protein to ____ triggers genome replication

A

N (nucleoprotein)

RNA

38
Q

The rabies virus frequently produces defective ______ particles

A

interfering

39
Q

Rabies virus is transmitted by the _____ of an infected _____

A
  • bite

- animal

40
Q

___% of bites causes disease; ____% if on face or head

A

15

60

41
Q

What are the reservoirs of rabies?

A
  • bats, skunks, raccoons, dogs
42
Q

Rabies is a common disease of ____ in developing countries; common source of human rabies deaths

A

dogs

43
Q

The incubation period of rabies is ___ - ___ months depending on location of bite

A

1-3 months

44
Q

How does rabies spread throughout the body?

A
  • replicates locally

- finds neurons and goes to brain, then to periphery (salivary glands)

45
Q

What are the symptoms of rabies?

A
  • prickling or itching where bitten, fever, headache
  • hydrophobia
  • cerebral dysfunction, anxiety, confusion,delirium, hallucinations, and insomnia
46
Q

______ is difficulty swallowing ,even saliva, leads to “foaming at the mouth”

A

hydrophobia

47
Q

What is the outcome of rabies?

A

once symptoms appear, disease is nearly always fatal (10 documented survivals)

48
Q

What is the prevention of rabies?

A
  • vaccine

- post exposure prophylaxis

49
Q

Post exposure prophylaxis should be administered _____ or bites that break skin

A

immediately (not very immunogenic so multiple inoculations needed)

50
Q

What is used to control rabies virus?

A
  • vaccination of domestic animals

- vaccination of wildlife

Microbio Ex 1 (18 decks)

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