Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbio Ex 1 > Ex 2- Antivirals & Vaccines- Middleton > Flashcards

Ex 2- Antivirals & Vaccines- Middleton Flashcards

1
Q

Antivirals block specific steps in the virus _____ ______

A

life cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Antivirals must be active against ______ replications but not ____ cellular function to reduce toxicity

A
  • virus

- normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Antivirals exploit ______, ______, and _______ information to identify targets

A

structural, functional, genomic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

_________ is an antiviral of HIV that inhibits membrane fusion

A

Efuvirtide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

_______ & _____ are influenza antivirals that prevent nucleocapsid release at the end of the cell entry process

A

Amantadine & Rimantadine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Antivirals can prevent _____ ____ by targeting nucleoside analogs;______ _____

A
  • genome replication

- chain terminators

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

________ is an antiviral for herpesvirus that depends on virus thymadine kinase (TK)

A

acyclovir

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Acyclovir is the first antiviral approved for ______ use

A

clinical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Acyclovir is most effective against what forms of herpesvirus?

A

HSV-1 +2, less effective for EBV, VZV, and CMV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

______ is like nucleoside inhibitors for herpesvirus infections

A

acyclovir

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

_____ is effective against CMV, more toxic due to interference with cellular kinases

A

ganciclovir

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

______ has activity similar to acyclovir with improved oral bioavailibilty (pill)

A

valganciclovir

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

______ is an antiviral for herpesvirus treatment that prevents viral polymerase activity, IV administration and toxic

A

Foscarnet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Nucleoside inhibitors of HIV & HBV have what characteristics?

A
  • good oral availibilty
  • toxicity issue
  • resistance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

HIV therapy usually includes more than one ________ inhibitor from a different class

A

nucleoside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

______ is a nucleoside inhibitor of RNA viruses

A

Ribavirin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

_______ form of ribavirin inhibits polymerases

A

triphosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

______ form of ribavirin inhibits inosine monophosphage dehydrogenase lowering GTP in cell

A

monophosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Ribavirin impairs capping of ______

A

mRNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Maturation of progeny viruses often requires ______ of virus polypeptide

A

cleavage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

_______ progeny are not infectious

A

Immature

22
Q

_____ (treatment for HIV) blocks cleavage of Gag-Pol polypeptide and “ boosts” activity of other protease inhibitors bc it blocks the action of cellular proteases that act on other viral protease inhibiotrs

A

Ritonavir

23
Q

What are the challenges involving antiviral bioavailability?

A
  • absorption into body
  • transport to site of viral infection
  • intake by cell
  • therapeutic window (half-life)
24
Q

What is the challenge involving antiviral specificity?

A
  • targets the virus activities exclusively or with great preference
25
Q

What is the challenge involving antiviral toxicity?

A

-low impact on patient

26
Q

Viral attachment and entry is blocked by ______, _____, _____

A

enfuvirtide (HIV) , docosanol (HSV), palivizumab (RSV)

27
Q

Penetration into the mammalian cell is blocked by _____

A

interferon alfa (HBV, HCV)

28
Q

Uncoating of the virus is blcoked by ______ & ____

A

amantadine & rimantadine (influenza)

29
Q

Nucleic acid synthesis is blocked by ______

A

NRTIs (HIV), NNRTIs (HIV), acyclovir (HSV), foscarnet (CMV), entecavir (HBV)

30
Q

Late protein syntehsis and processing is blocked by ______ _____

A

protease inhibitors (HIV)

31
Q

Assembly and packaging of viruses for release is blocked by _____ inhibiorts

A

neuraminidase (influenza)

32
Q

____ is a natural antiviral that shuts off protein translation and is more effective against RNA viruses than DNA viruses

A

Interferons

33
Q

Term vaccination was started by Dr. _____ ____ for smallpox vaccination

A

Edward Jenner

34
Q

_______ is the practice of inducing immunity to a pathogen

A

vaccination

35
Q

______ immunization involves administering all or part of a pathogenic agent to induce antibodies or cell-mediated immunity

A

active

36
Q

_____ immunization involves administrating exogenously produced antibodies

A

passive

37
Q

What are the two forms of vaccines?

A
  • live, attenuated

- killed

38
Q

____ vaccines have a more robust response bc involve antibodies or cell mediated immunity but may be more pathogenic

A

live, attenuated

39
Q

____ vaccines have antibody response only

A

killed

40
Q

What are the advantages of a live, attenuated vaccine?

A
  • easy to administer
  • produces immunity at site of first infection
  • induces antibody and cell mediated immunity
  • long lasting immunity
41
Q

What are the disadvantages of live, attenuated vaccines?

A
  • reversion during replication

- not safe for immunodeficient ppl

42
Q

What are the advantages of killed vaccines?

A
  • safe for immunocompromised ppl

- cannot revert

43
Q

What are the disadvantages of killed vaccines?

A
  • usually injected
  • does not induce cell mediated immunity
  • protection is shorter
44
Q

____ is a possible complication with live, attenuated vaccines

A

Reversion

45
Q

__ ____ _____ _____ is caused by reversion and occurs in 1:1 mill to 3 mill but in the US killed vaccine used

A

Vaccine-acquired paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP)

46
Q

What are the 3 important cell types found in vaccinations?

A
  • B cells (antibody)
  • CD8+ T-cells
  • CD4+ T-cells
47
Q

What vaccines utilized B cells only?

A
  • pneumonococcal

- HIB

48
Q

Vaccines utilizing B cell and T cell immunity including secretory IgA (mucosal layers) target what?

A
  • influenza
  • polio
  • oral typhoid
49
Q

What groups should be vaccinated?

A
  • young children + elderly bc weaker immune systems

- may not respond to live, attenuated vaccines

50
Q

What special populations should be vaccinated?

A
  • immunocompromised ppl

- complications with smallpox vaccine for ppl w/ eczemadx7fp

Microbio Ex 1 (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions