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Microbio Ex 1 > EX 2- Hepatitis Virus- Middleton > Flashcards

EX 2- Hepatitis Virus- Middleton Flashcards

1
Q

The hepatitis viruses are viruses that specifically target the ________.

A

liver

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2
Q

The hepatitis virus primarily infects and replicates in __________

A

hepatocytes

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3
Q

Virus and host response cause damage to the ______ causing acute infections or chronic infections

A

liver

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4
Q

How is the hepatitis virus transmitted?

A
  • fecal oral (A, E)
  • sexual (ALL)
  • vertical (mother -> child) (B,C,D)
  • parenteral (needles) (ALL)
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5
Q

Hepatitis ____ and _____ are very rare in the US

A

D, E

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6
Q

Hepatitis A is more common and causes ______ infections while B & C are less common but cause _______ infections

A
  • acute

- chronic

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7
Q

Hepatitis B (Hepadnaviridae) has what type of genome?

A

dsDNA w/ RNA intermediate (bc has reverse transcriptase)

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8
Q

What is special about the dsDNA genome of Hepatitis B?

A

smallest genome of the human viruses

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9
Q

What type of virion does Hepatitis B have?

A

enveloped

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10
Q

What proteins does Hepatitis B have?

A
  • virion assembly
  • cell attachment
  • capsid
  • reverse transcriptase
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11
Q

Hepatitis B _______ be grown in cell culture

A

cannot

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12
Q

What is the template for transcription of HepB virus?

A

cccDNA

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13
Q

Hepatitis B requires _____ specific transcription factors

A

liver

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14
Q

Hepatitis B causes infection by ______ & _________ ______

A

sexual & drug use (parenteral)

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15
Q

How long is the incubation for Hep B?

A

30-180 days

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16
Q

What are the symptoms of Hep B?

A
  • malaise
    -anorexia
    -vomiting
    -fatigue
    -cough
    -serum like sickness
    jaundice, elevated alanine transaminase (ALT) levels
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17
Q

Recovery from Hep B is __ - ___ months after onset of jaundice

A

3-4 months

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18
Q

What percentage of cases does Hep B cause chronic disease?

A

5%

19
Q

What are the symptoms of chronic Hep B disease?

A
  • HBsAg in blood after 6 months
  • poor IgG response
  • sporadic episodes of hepatitis
  • cirrhosis of liver
  • inc. risk fro hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
20
Q

The Hep B vaccine is the first ______ vaccine approved for use in humans

A

recombinant

  • requires multiple inoculations
  • not effective against chronic infection
21
Q

The rate of mutation is less in DNA so it is easier to make ________

A

vaccines

22
Q

What are the treatment options for chronic hep B infections?

A
  • Interferon - α therapy

- Nucleoside analogs: adefovir, lamivudine, tenofovir

23
Q

Hepatitis D is rare in humans and requires a _______ agent which requires active _____ infection

A
  • subviral

- HBV

24
Q

The Hep D virus RNA genome encodes a _____ ______

A

single protein

25
Q

Hepatitis C (flaviviridae) has a _______ genome

A

+ssRNA

26
Q

What type of virion does Hep C have?

A

enveloped

27
Q

What proteins does Hep C have?

A
  • attachment & entry
  • core
  • various non-structural
28
Q

Where is the genome of Hep C replicated like many RNA viruses?

A

cytoplasm, its genome is a template for translation

29
Q

What are the symptoms of hepC infection?

A
  • milder signs and symptoms than HBV
30
Q

___% of Hep C infections become chronic and cause _______ disease

A

80

-extrahepatic

31
Q

_____ ______ is caused by Hep C; antibody and virus complexes deposit in other tissues (kidneys) eliciting an immune response and subsequent tissue damage

A

mixed cryoglobulinemia

32
Q

What are the treatment options for Hep C?

A
  • no vaccine available

- interferon-α treatment- can reduce chances for chronic infection

33
Q

Hep A causes acute infections and is caused by ________

A
  • ingestion of fecally contaminated food or water (fecal oral transmission)
  • absorbed in intestine and moves to liver via portal system
34
Q

The incubation period for Hep A is ___- ___days

A

15-40

35
Q

What are the symptoms of a Hep A infection?

A
  • consistent w/ hep infection (maliase, anorexia, vomiting, jaundice)
  • more severe in adults
36
Q

Hep A infection resolves approx __ weeks post infection

A

8

37
Q

What can be done to prevent Hep A infection?

A

-vaccine

Havrix, Vaqta killed/inactivated vaccine

38
Q

Hep __ is not seen in the US very much but causes foodborne and waterborne hepatitis

A

E

39
Q

Hep E is similar to disease caused by Hep ___ but is distinguished by serology

A

A

40
Q

Hep E infection can be life threatening for _____ ____

A

pregnant women

41
Q

What are the prevention/treatment options for Hep E?

A

none; vaccines under dev.

42
Q

Which 3 Hep Viruses cause chronic infections?

A
  • B (5%)
  • C (80)
  • D
43
Q

Which 3 Hep Viruses are long term sequelae?

A

-B
-C
-D
(these viruses cause long term chronic infection then are long term sequelae)

Microbio Ex 1 (18 decks)

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